causation
gb/kˌɔzˈeɪʃən/ us/kˌɔzˈeɪʃən/
C1
英語
ok-okozati összefüggés, előidézés, okozati összefüggés
名詞
C1
FORMAL
1
用法パターン：
causation between [something] and [something]; evidence of causation
The study found a strong association, but it did not prove causation.
A tanulmány erős együttjárást talált, de nem bizonyította az ok-okozati összefüggést.
Researchers are trying to establish causation between air pollution and the rise in asthma cases.
A kutatók megpróbálják megállapítani az ok-okozati összefüggést a légszennyezés és az asztmás esetek számának növekedése között.
In science, evidence of causation usually requires more than a simple pattern in the data.
学習者向け例文
Causation means that one thing makes another thing happen.
Az ok-okozati összefüggés azt jelenti, hogy az egyik dolog miatt a másik megtörténik.
The graph shows a link, but it does not show causation.
A grafikon kapcsolatot mutat, de nem mutat ok-okozati összefüggést.
よくある間違い：
Do not use causation when you only mean that two things happen together; that is correlation.
意味
cause-and-effect relationship
コロケーション
prove causation
|establish causation
|show causation
|demonstrate causation
|evidence of causation
|causation between factors
|causation and correlation
|direct causation
|clear causation
|possible causation
類義語
causality (more technical or philosophical; often used in science and logic)
|
cause and effect (more everyday and easier to understand)
対義語
correlation (a relationship or pattern that does not by itself prove that one thing causes the other)
|
coincidence (events happening together by chance rather than because one caused the other)
テーマ
science
|research
|logic
|statistics
定義
the relationship where one thing makes another thing happen
the fact or relationship by which one event, action, or condition makes another event or result happen
名詞
C1
FORMAL
2
előidézés
C1
用法パターン：
the causation of [a result/condition]; factors in the causation of [something]
Smoking plays a major role in the causation of several serious diseases.
A dohányzás jelentős szerepet játszik több súlyos betegség előidézésében.
The report examined workplace stress as a factor in the causation of burnout.
A jelentés a munkahelyi stresszt a kiégés előidézésének egyik tényezőjeként vizsgálta.
Scientists still debate the exact mechanisms involved in the causation of the disorder.
学習者向け例文
Doctors study the causation of disease.
Az orvosok a betegségek előidézését tanulmányozzák.
Stress can be a factor in the causation of illness.
A stressz a betegségek előidézésének egyik tényezője lehet.
よくある間違い：
Causation is usually formal; in everyday speech, people often say cause instead.
意味
process of causing something
コロケーション
causation of disease
|causation of injury
|causation of harm
|disease causation
|cancer causation
|factors in causation
|mechanisms of causation
|role in causation
類義語
cause (more common and general; can refer to the reason itself rather than the process)
|
production (emphasizes making or creating an effect; less specifically about cause and effect)
対義語
prevention (stopping something from happening rather than bringing it about)
テーマ
medicine
|science
|health
|research
定義
the way something produces a result or condition
the act or process of bringing about a particular result, condition, or effect
名詞
C2
LEGAL
3
用法パターン：
causation in [a case/claim]; prove/establish causation
The court found that causation had not been proved, so the claim failed.
A bíróság megállapította, hogy az okozati összefüggést nem bizonyították, ezért a keresetet elutasították.
In a negligence case, the plaintiff must usually establish duty, breach, causation, and damage.
Gondatlansági perben a felperesnek rendszerint bizonyítania kell a kötelezettség fennállását, annak megszegését, az okozati összefüggést és a kárt.
The defendant admitted making a mistake but denied causation of the loss.
学習者向け例文
The lawyer had to prove causation.
Az ügyvédnek bizonyítania kellett az okozati összefüggést.
Without causation, the defendant was not legally responsible for the injury.
Okozati összefüggés nélkül az alperes nem volt jogilag felelős a sérülésért.
よくある間違い：
In legal contexts, causation is not just a scientific link; it also involves rules about responsibility and remoteness.
意味
legal link to harm
コロケーション
legal causation
|factual causation
|prove causation
|establish causation
|issue of causation
|element of causation
|causation in negligence
|causation in tort
|chain of causation
類義語
causal link (less technical; refers to the connection between the act and the harm)
|
causal connection (general legal or formal wording for the required connection)
テーマ
law
|crime
|courts
|liability
定義
the legal question of whether someone's action caused the harm in a way that makes them responsible
in law, the requirement that a person's act or omission be sufficiently connected to the harm or loss for legal responsibility to arise
文法
辞書形
causation
IPA
GB/kˌɔzˈeɪʃən/
US/kˌɔzˈeɪʃən/
音節・強勢
caus - a - tion （3音節）
Stress on 2nd syllable (a)
活用形
Noun
- Base: causation
- Plural: causation, causations
表現
break the chain of causation
1/bɹˈeɪk ðə t͡ʃˈeɪn əv kˌɔzˈeɪʃən/
fixed phrase
legal
interrupt legal causal link
to stop an earlier action from being legally treated as the cause of what happened later
例文
- The defense argued that the victim's own decision broke the chain of causation.
- An unforeseeable medical error may, in rare cases, break the chain of causation.
- The judge held that the storm did not break the chain of causation between the negligence and the damage.
学習者向け例文
- The new event broke the chain of causation.
- The court said the accident was still connected, so the chain was not broken.
but-for causation
1/bˈʌt fɚ kˌɔzˈeɪʃən/
fixed phrase
legal
necessary-cause legal test
the legal test asking, “Would this harm have happened without that action?”
例文
- The plaintiff established but-for causation by showing that the injury would not have occurred without the faulty repair.
- But-for causation can be difficult to prove when several factors contributed to the harm.
- The court applied the but-for causation test to the doctor's failure to diagnose the illness.
学習者向け例文
- But-for causation asks if the harm would have happened anyway.
- The lawyer used the but-for test.
chain of causation
1/t͡ʃˈeɪn əv kˌɔzˈeɪʃən/
fixed phrase
formal
sequence of causal events
a series of events where one event causes the next
例文
- Investigators traced the chain of causation from the software error to the system failure.
- The accident resulted from a long chain of causation involving poor maintenance and bad weather.
- The court considered whether the victim's later actions formed part of the same chain of causation.
学習者向け例文
- One mistake started a chain of causation.
- The report explains the chain of causation after the crash.
correlation does not imply causation
1/kˌɔɹəlˈeɪʃən dˈʌz nˈɑt ɪmplˈaɪ kˌɔzˈeɪʃən/
fixed phrase
warning not to confuse cause and link
Even if two things happen together or change together, this does not prove that one thing causes the other.
例文
- The professor reminded the class that correlation does not imply causation when they tried to explain the results.
- Journalists should remember that correlation does not imply causation before claiming that one behavior causes another.
correlation does not imply causation
1/kˌɔɹəlˈeɪʃən dˈʌz nˈɑt ɪmplˈaɪ kˌɔzˈeɪʃən/
fixed phrase
association is not proof
just because two things happen together does not mean one caused the other
例文
- Ice cream sales and sunburns both rise in summer, but correlation does not imply causation.
- The article was careful to note that correlation does not imply causation.
- Higher screen time was linked with poor sleep, but correlation does not imply causation.
学習者向け例文
- The two numbers rise together, but correlation does not imply causation.
- A link is not always a cause.
reverse causation
1/ɹɪvˈɚs kˌɔzˈeɪʃən/
fixed phrase
technical
effect causes supposed cause
when A seems to cause B, but B may actually cause A
例文
- The study tried to rule out reverse causation by measuring exercise habits before illness developed.
- Low income may lead to poor health, but reverse causation is also possible if poor health reduces income.
- Researchers used long-term data to test for reverse causation.
学習者向け例文
- Reverse causation means the direction may be the opposite.
- The result may cause the problem, not the other way around.