dictum
gb/dˈɪktəm/ us/dˈɪktəm/
C2
英語
maxima, kinyilatkoztatás, obiter dictum, bírói mellékmegjegyzés
名詞
C2
FORMAL
1
maxima
C1
用法パターン：
the dictum that [clause]; [someone]'s dictum; the old/famous dictum
She often quotes the old dictum that less is more.
Gyakran idézi a régi maximát, hogy a kevesebb több.
The project followed the designer's famous dictum: form follows function.
A projekt a tervező híres maximáját követte: a forma a funkciót követi.
His teaching was shaped by a simple dictum: listen before you speak.
学習者向け例文
My teacher likes the dictum “practice makes perfect.”
A tanárom szereti a „gyakorlat teszi a mestert” mondást.
The team followed one dictum: keep it simple.
A csapat egyetlen elvet követett: legyen egyszerű.
よくある間違い：
Do not use it for an ordinary sentence or comment; dictum usually sounds formal and refers to a principle or rule.
意味
concise guiding saying
コロケーション
famous dictum
|old dictum
|well-known dictum
|guiding dictum
|central dictum
|dictum that
|follow a dictum
|quote a dictum
類義語
maxim (a short rule for behavior or thought)
|
adage (an old saying generally accepted as true)
|
aphorism (a brief, clever statement of a truth)
|
saying (more common and less formal)
テーマ
language
|ideas
|advice
定義
A formal word for a short saying that gives a general rule or principle.
A short, memorable statement that expresses a general truth, principle, or rule to follow.
名詞
C2
FORMAL
2
用法パターン：
a dictum from [someone]; issue/deliver a dictum; a dictum on/about [something]
The CEO's dictum that all teams must return to the office was unpopular.
Népszerűtlen volt a vezérigazgató kinyilatkoztatása, hogy minden csapatnak vissza kell térnie az irodába.
In that era, medical advice was often handed down as dictum rather than debated openly.
Abban a korszakban az orvosi tanácsokat gyakran inkább kinyilatkoztatásként adták tovább, semmint nyíltan megvitatták volna.
The committee issued a dictum on what counted as acceptable evidence.
学習者向け例文
The manager's dictum became the rule for everyone.
A vezető kinyilatkoztatása mindenkire nézve szabállyá vált.
They did not like the new dictum from head office.
Nem tetszett nekik a központ új kinyilatkoztatása.
よくある間違い：
It can sound critical or old-fashioned; for everyday English, use rule, order, statement, or decision.
意味
authoritative formal pronouncement
コロケーション
authoritative dictum
|official dictum
|policy dictum
|government dictum
|dictum from above
|issue a dictum
|deliver a dictum
|lay down a dictum
類義語
pronouncement (a formal public statement)
|
edict (a stronger official order)
|
decree (an official decision with legal or institutional force)
|
directive (an instruction from an authority)
対義語
suggestion (an idea offered without authority or force)
|
request (asks rather than commands)
テーマ
authority
|organizations
|rules
定義
A formal statement or rule from someone who has authority.
A formal statement of an opinion, rule, or decision that is presented as authoritative.
名詞
C2
LEGAL
3
用法パターン：
dictum in [a case/opinion]; the court's dictum; dicta; distinguish [the holding] from [dictum]
The lawyer argued that the sentence everyone quoted was dictum, not the holding of the case.
Az ügyvéd azzal érvelt, hogy a mindenki által idézett mondat csak obiter dictum volt, nem pedig az ügy eldöntésének alapja.
Later courts treated the judge's dictum as persuasive but not binding.
A későbbi bíróságok a bírói mellékmegjegyzést meggyőző erejűnek, de nem kötelezőnek tekintették.
The opinion contains broad dicta on privacy, but the actual ruling is narrow.
学習者向け例文
The court's dictum was not binding on later cases.
A bíróság bírói mellékmegjegyzése nem volt kötelező a későbbi ügyekre nézve.
The judge's comment was only dictum.
A bíró megjegyzése csak obiter dictum volt.
よくある間違い：
Do not confuse dictum with the holding of a case; in legal writing, the plural is often dicta.
意味
statement in judicial opinion
コロケーション
judicial dictum
|legal dictum
|court's dictum
|mere dictum
|persuasive dictum
|nonbinding dictum
|broad dicta
|holding and dictum
類義語
judicial comment (clearer and less technical)
|
observation (a more general word for a judge's remark)
|
obiter dictum (specifically a remark made in passing and not essential to the decision)
対義語
holding (the binding legal decision of a case)
|
ratio decidendi (the legal reason for the decision, especially in common-law analysis)
テーマ
law
|courts
|legal_reasoning
定義
A judge's comment in a legal decision that may not be binding law.
In law, a statement in a judge's opinion about a legal issue, especially one that is not necessary to the decision and may not be binding as precedent.
文法
辞書形
dictum
IPA
GB/dˈɪktəm/
US/dˈɪktəm/
音節・強勢
dictum （1音節）
Stress on 1st syllable (dictum)
活用形
Noun
- Base: dictum
- Plural: dicta, dictums
表現
obiter dictum
1/ˈoʊbɪtɚ dˈɪktəm/
fixed phrase
legal
incidental judicial remark
A judge's extra comment in a legal decision that is not part of the binding rule.
例文
- The passage was only an obiter dictum, so the later court was not required to follow it.
- The judge's comments on free speech were influential, even though they were obiter dicta.
- Students must learn to separate the holding of a case from obiter dictum.
学習者向け例文
- The lawyer said the comment was an obiter dictum.
- Obiter dicta are not binding rules.