presume
gb/pɹɪzˈum/ us/pɹɪzˈum/
B2
英語
~ 4500
feltételez, venni a bátorságot, megenged magának valamit, vélelmez
動詞
B2
1
feltételez
B2
用法パターン：
to presume [that] [something]
I presume you have finished the report.
Feltételezem, hogy elkészültél a jelentéssel.
She presumed he was telling the truth.
Azt feltételezte, hogy a férfi igazat mond.
We must not presume the outcome before the vote.
They presumed the meeting would be canceled because of the storm.
学習者向け例文
I presume he is at work.
Feltételezem, hogy a munkahelyén van.
She presumes the shop will open today.
Feltételezi, hogy a bolt ma kinyit.
We presume it will rain tomorrow.
They presume she can speak French.
よくある間違い：
Learners sometimes confuse 'presume' with 'assume', but 'presume' can sound slightly more formal or imply some basis for the belief.
意味
Assume something without proof
コロケーション
presume innocence
|presume guilt
|presume consent
|presume competence
類義語
assume (Very close in meaning, though 'assume' can sound slightly less formal than 'presume'.)
|
suppose (Less formal and often used in everyday speech for uncertain ideas.)
対義語
verify (Means to check or prove something is true, which is the opposite of presuming.)
テーマ
thinking
|communication
|law
|core_vocabulary
定義
To think something is true without being sure.
To accept something as true or likely without having definite proof.
動詞
C1
FORMAL
2
用法パターン：
to presume to [do something]
He presumed to give advice on a subject he knew little about.
Vette a bátorságot, hogy tanácsot adjon egy olyan témában, amelyhez alig értett.
I wouldn't presume to tell you how to run your business.
Nem venném a bátorságot, hogy megmondjam, hogyan vezesd a vállalkozásodat.
She presumed to speak on behalf of the entire group.
学習者向け例文
I would not presume to tell you what to do.
Nem venném a bátorságot, hogy megmondjam, mit tegyél.
He presumed to give orders to his boss.
Megengedte magának, hogy utasításokat adjon a főnökének.
She presumed to speak for the class.
よくある間違い：
Learners may not recognize that 'presume' here expresses disapproval of overstepping limits.
意味
Do something without right
コロケーション
presume to judge
|presume to speak for
|presume too much
類義語
dare (Implies boldness in doing something one has no right to do.)
|
take liberties (Informal phrase meaning to overstep proper limits.)
対義語
refrain (Means to hold back from doing something, opposite of presuming in this sense.)
テーマ
social
|etiquette
|law
|relationships
|core_vocabulary
定義
To do something you should not do because you do not have the right or permission.
To do something that one has no right or authority to do.
動詞
B2
FORMAL
3
vélelmez
C1
用法パターン：
to presume [someone/something] [adjective] until [condition]
A person is presumed innocent until proven guilty.
Mindenkit ártatlannak vélelmeznek, amíg bűnössége be nem bizonyosodik.
The missing sailors are presumed dead after weeks with no contact.
Az eltűnt tengerészeket halottnak vélelmezik, mivel hetek óta nincs velük kapcsolat.
Under the law, a child under ten is presumed incapable of committing certain crimes.
学習者向け例文
He is presumed innocent until proven guilty.
Ártatlannak vélelmezik, amíg bűnössége be nem bizonyosodik.
The man is presumed dead after the accident.
A férfit a baleset után halottnak vélelmezik.
They are presumed safe by the police.
よくある間違い：
Learners may not realize this meaning is specific to formal or legal contexts and not for everyday guesses.
意味
Legally assume as true
コロケーション
presumed innocent
|presumed dead
類義語
deem (In legal language, means to consider something in a certain way officially.)
対義語
disprove (To show that an assumption or presumption is false.)
テーマ
law
定義
In legal situations, to treat something as true until it is proved wrong.
In law, to accept something as true until evidence shows otherwise.
文法
辞書形
presume
IPA
GB/pɹɪzˈum/
US/pɹɪzˈum/
音節・強勢
pre - sume （2音節）
Stress on 2nd syllable (sume)
活用形
Verb
- Base: presume
- 3rd Person Singular: presumes
- Present Participle: presuming
- Past: presumed
関連語
Forms
presumes
verb
presuming
verb
presumed
verb
Core family
presumption
noun C1
presumably
adverb B2
Related words
presumptuous
adjective
Advanced or less common
presumptive
adjective
表現
if I may presume
1/ˈɪf ˈaɪ mˈeɪ pɹɪzˈum/
fixed phrase
formal
Politely suggest beyond authority
A polite way to start saying something that might be too bold or outside your role.
例文
- If I may presume, I think we should consider another option.
- If I may presume, perhaps you could try speaking directly to her.
presume innocence
1/pɹɪzˈum ˈɪnəsəns/
fixed phrase
formal
Assume someone is not guilty
To treat someone as not guilty until there is proof they did something wrong.
例文
- The court must presume innocence in all cases until evidence proves guilt.
- We should always presume innocence before making accusations.
presume upon someone's kindness
1/pɹɪzˈum əpˈɑn sˈʌmwˌʌnz kˈaɪndnəs/
fixed phrase
formal
Take advantage of kindness
To use someone's kindness too much or in a way that is not fair.
例文
- I don't want to presume upon your kindness by asking for yet another favor.
- He presumed upon their hospitality by staying far longer than invited.