runoff
gb/ɹˈʌnˌɔf/ us/ɹˈʌnˌɔf/
B2
英語
felszíni lefolyás, második forduló, rájátszás, pótfutam, állomány leépülése, kifutás
名詞
B2
1
用法パターン：
[adjective] runoff; runoff from [place/source]; runoff into [waterway]
Heavy rain sent polluted runoff into the bay.
A heves esőzés miatt szennyezett felszíni lefolyás jutott az öbölbe.
The new parking lot increased runoff after storms.
Az új parkoló a viharok után növelte a felszíni lefolyást.
Farm runoff can carry fertilizer into nearby rivers.
学習者向け例文
Rain runoff flowed down the street.
Az eső okozta felszíni lefolyás végigfolyt az utcán.
Plants help reduce runoff.
A növények segítenek csökkenteni a felszíni lefolyást.
よくある間違い：
Runoff is a noun. Use the two-word verb run off for the action: Rainwater runs off the road.
意味
surface water drainage
コロケーション
stormwater runoff
|surface runoff
|urban runoff
|agricultural runoff
|rainfall runoff
|snowmelt runoff
|contaminated runoff
|runoff pollution
|runoff from farms
|reduce runoff
類義語
drainage (more general; can mean the movement of water or the system that carries it away)
|
surface flow (more technical and emphasizes water moving over a surface)
|
overflow (usually means liquid that exceeds a container, channel, or limit)
対義語
infiltration (water soaking down into soil rather than flowing over the surface)
|
absorption (water being taken into a material instead of flowing away)
テーマ
environment
|weather
|water
|agriculture
|engineering
定義
rainwater or melted snow that flows away over the surface instead of going into the soil
Water or other liquid that flows over land, roads, or roofs into drains, rivers, or the sea instead of soaking into the ground.
名詞
B2
2
用法パターン：
a runoff between [candidate] and [candidate]; go to a runoff; advance to the runoff
Neither candidate won a majority, so the race will go to a runoff.
Egyik jelölt sem szerzett többséget, ezért második fordulót tartanak.
She advanced to the runoff against the incumbent mayor.
Bejutott a második fordulóba, ahol a hivatalban lévő polgármesterrel száll szembe.
The runoff is scheduled for next month.
学習者向け例文
No one won, so there will be a runoff.
Senki sem nyert, ezért lesz második forduló.
Two candidates are in the runoff.
Két jelölt van a második fordulóban.
よくある間違い：
Do not confuse a runoff with running for office; a runoff happens after an earlier vote has no clear winner.
意味
deciding election round
コロケーション
election runoff
|presidential runoff
|Senate runoff
|mayoral runoff
|primary runoff
|runoff vote
|runoff round
|face a runoff
|force a runoff
|advance to a runoff
類義語
second round (clear, general phrase for the later vote)
|
runoff election (fuller form of the same idea)
|
second ballot (more formal or system-specific)
対義語
first round (the initial vote before any runoff)
|
outright win (a victory that avoids the need for a runoff)
テーマ
politics
|elections
|government
定義
an extra election held because no one won clearly the first time
A second election or voting round held when no candidate has received enough votes to be declared the winner.
名詞
C1
3
用法パターン：
a runoff for [place/prize]; a runoff between [competitors]
The two cyclists had identical times, so officials ordered a short runoff.
A két kerékpáros azonos időt ért el, ezért a bírók egy rövid pótfutamot rendeltek el.
A runoff was held to decide the last qualifying place.
Rájátszást tartottak az utolsó továbbjutó hely eldöntésére.
The judges called for a runoff between the two top teams.
学習者向け例文
They tied, so there was a runoff.
Döntetlen lett, ezért rájátszásra került sor.
よくある間違い：
In many sports contexts, tiebreaker or playoff is more common than runoff.
意味
deciding contest after tie
コロケーション
runoff race
|qualifying runoff
|final runoff
|runoff for first place
|runoff between the finalists
類義語
tiebreaker (more common when the problem is exactly a tie)
|
playoff (common in sports; may refer to a longer series or postseason competition)
|
decider (informal or journalistic term for a contest that settles the result)
対義語
tie (an unresolved equal result)
|
draw (a result with no winner)
テーマ
sports
|competition
定義
an extra contest used to choose a winner after a tie or unclear result
A race, match, or other contest held after an equal or inconclusive result to decide the winner or qualifier.
名詞
C2
BUSINESS
4
kifutás
C1
用法パターン：
[asset/portfolio/deposit] runoff; runoff in [assets/balances]; allow [holdings] to shrink through runoff
The central bank allowed its bond holdings to shrink through portfolio runoff.
A jegybank hagyta, hogy kötvényállománya a portfólió természetes leépülése révén csökkenjen.
Loan runoff accelerated as borrowers refinanced.
A hitelállomány leépülése felgyorsult, ahogy az adósok refinanszírozták hiteleiket.
The insurer manages old claims in a separate runoff unit.
学習者向け例文
The bank expected some loan runoff this year.
A bank idén a hitelállomány némi leépülésére számított.
よくある間違い：
This business sense does not mean water; it refers to a balance or portfolio shrinking over time.
意味
gradual financial wind-down
コロケーション
portfolio runoff
|balance-sheet runoff
|mortgage runoff
|loan runoff
|asset runoff
|deposit runoff
|insurance runoff
|runoff business
|natural runoff
|runoff rate
類義語
wind-down (often suggests a planned or controlled reduction)
|
drawdown (emphasizes the amount being reduced)
|
amortization (specific to loans or assets being paid down over time)
対義語
buildup (an increase in holdings or balances)
|
growth (a general increase rather than a decline)
|
origination (technical term for creating new loans or policies, opposite of letting old ones run off)
テーマ
business
|finance
|banking
|insurance
定義
a slow decrease in financial assets, loans, policies, or stock because they are paid off, expire, or are not replaced
A gradual reduction in a portfolio, book of business, inventory, or balance as assets mature, loans are repaid, policies expire, or items are not replaced.
文法
辞書形
runoff
IPA
GB/ɹˈʌnˌɔf/
US/ɹˈʌnˌɔf/
音節・強勢
run - off （2音節）
Stress on 1st syllable (run)
活用形
Noun
- Base: runoff
- Plural: runoff, runoffs
表現
agricultural runoff
1/ˌæɡɹɪkˈʌlt͡ʃɚəl ɹˈʌnˌɔf/
fixed phrase
farm water carrying pollutants
water from farms that can carry chemicals or soil into rivers and lakes
例文
- Agricultural runoff is a major source of pollution in the lake.
- Buffer strips along streams can reduce agricultural runoff.
- After heavy storms, agricultural runoff washed fertilizer into the river.
学習者向け例文
- Agricultural runoff can harm fish.
instant-runoff voting
1/ˈɪnstənt ɹˈʌnˌɔf vˈoʊtɪŋ/
fixed phrase
ranked-choice voting system
a voting method where people rank candidates, so no separate later runoff election is needed
例文
- The city adopted instant-runoff voting for mayoral elections.
- Under instant-runoff voting, voters rank their first, second, and third choices.
- Supporters say instant-runoff voting can prevent costly second elections.
学習者向け例文
- Instant-runoff voting lets voters rank candidates.
runoff pollution
1/ɹˈʌnˌɔf pəlˈuʃən/
fixed phrase
pollution carried by runoff
water pollution caused by dirty rainwater flowing into rivers, lakes, or the sea
例文
- Rain gardens can help reduce runoff pollution.
- The campaign teaches residents how lawn chemicals contribute to runoff pollution.
- Runoff pollution after storms has closed several beaches.
学習者向け例文
- Runoff pollution can make water unsafe.
stormwater runoff
1/stˈɔɹmwˌeɪtɚ ɹˈʌnˌɔf/
fixed phrase
rainwater draining from surfaces
rainwater that flows off hard surfaces like roads and roofs
例文
- The city built rain gardens to absorb stormwater runoff.
- Oil from roads can be carried into streams by stormwater runoff.
- New construction must include a plan for managing stormwater runoff.
学習者向け例文
- Stormwater runoff flowed into the drain.
urban runoff
1/ˈɚbən ɹˈʌnˌɔf/
fixed phrase
city surface water drainage
rainwater that flows through a city and may carry dirt or pollution
例文
- Urban runoff can make beaches unsafe after heavy rain.
- Permeable pavement helps reduce urban runoff.
- The report links fish deaths to polluted urban runoff.
学習者向け例文
- Urban runoff flows from streets into rivers.