subsistence
gb/sʌbsˈɪstəns/ us/sʌbsˈɪstəns/
B2
英語
~ 8200
létminimum, fennmaradás, fennállás, szubzisztencia, önmagában való fennállás
名詞
B2
FORMAL
1
létminimum
B2
用法パターン：
[someone] lives at [subsistence] level
Many families in the region still depend on subsistence farming for their daily food.
A térségben sok család még mindig önellátó gazdálkodásból szerzi a napi élelmét.
The report found that a large percentage of workers earn only subsistence wages.
A jelentés megállapította, hogy a munkavállalók nagy hányada csak létminimum szintű bért kap.
Her small pension provides mere subsistence, not a comfortable retirement.
The charity offers a subsistence allowance to refugees while they look for work.
Rising food prices pushed more households below the subsistence level.
学習者向け例文
The farmer grows just enough rice for his family’s subsistence.
A gazda éppen csak annyi rizst termeszt, amennyi a családja létfenntartásához elég.
Some people in the city live on a subsistence income.
A városban vannak, akik létminimum szintű jövedelemből élnek.
The workers say their pay is only at the subsistence level.
Without help from relatives, his subsistence would be at risk.
The government gives a small subsistence allowance to poor students.
よくある間違い：
Learners sometimes use "subsistence" to mean any salary or income, without the idea of it being only just enough to survive. It is better to use it when talking about a very low, basic level of living (e.g., "subsistence wages"), not a normal or high income. Some also confuse it with "substance" because they look similar; these words are unrelated in meaning.
意味
basic means to stay alive
コロケーション
subsistence level
|subsistence farming
|subsistence wages
|subsistence allowance
|means of subsistence
|subsistence income
類義語
livelihood (focuses on the way someone earns money or resources to live, not necessarily at a minimum level.)
|
survival (emphasizes staying alive, often in very hard conditions, rather than the ongoing minimum level of support.)
|
bare minimum (informal phrase that stresses how extremely low the level of support is.)
|
necessities (highlights the basic things needed to live, rather than the overall condition or level.)
対義語
abundance (suggests having much more than enough, the opposite of barely getting by.)
|
prosperity (describes a state of wealth and comfort, not just surviving.)
|
affluence (focuses on having a lot of money and resources, far above subsistence.)
テーマ
economics
|poverty
|work
|daily_life
|finance
|core_vocabulary
定義
the small amount of food or money people need just to stay alive and cover their most basic needs
The minimum amount of food, money, or other resources that a person, family, or group needs in order to stay alive and meet very basic needs.
名詞
C1
FORMAL
2
fennmaradás
B2
fennállás
C1
用法パターン：
the subsistence of [something]
The continued subsistence of the small community depends on access to clean water.
A kis közösség fennmaradása a tiszta vízhez való hozzáféréstől függ.
Some legal scholars question the subsistence of these rights after the treaty ends.
Egyes jogtudósok megkérdőjelezik e jogok fennállását a szerződés megszűnése után.
Environmental changes threaten the very subsistence of several coastal villages.
The court ruled on the subsistence of the contract despite the company’s restructuring.
Her research examines the subsistence of traditional customs in modern urban life.
学習者向け例文
The subsistence of the town depends on the factory.
A város fennmaradása a gyártól függ.
Many people worry about the subsistence of old traditions.
Sokan aggódnak a régi hagyományok fennmaradása miatt.
The judge talked about the subsistence of the agreement after ten years.
Climate change puts the subsistence of some islands in danger.
The report looked at the subsistence of small businesses during the crisis.
よくある間違い：
Learners often do not know this more abstract meaning and understand "subsistence" only as basic food or money. In formal texts, however, it can simply mean "existence" or "continuation" (e.g., "subsistence of rights"). In these cases, it does not directly refer to money or food.
意味
state of existing or enduring
コロケーション
continued subsistence
|subsistence of rights
|subsistence of the company
|subsistence of the contract
類義語
existence (a more common and general word for simply being or existing.)
|
continuance (formal; emphasizes that something keeps going over time.)
対義語
nonexistence (the state of not existing at all.)
|
extinction (focuses on complete end or dying out of something that once existed.)
テーマ
philosophy
|law
|core_vocabulary
|time
定義
the fact that something exists or keeps existing, often in a simple or weak form
The state of existing or continuing to exist, especially in a basic or limited form.
名詞
C2
TECHNICAL
3
用法パターン：
the subsistence of [a being or substance]
In medieval theology, great attention was given to the subsistence of the divine persons.
A középkori teológiában nagy figyelmet fordítottak az isteni személyek szubzisztenciájára.
The philosopher distinguishes between the subsistence of the soul and the inherence of its qualities.
A filozófus különbséget tesz a lélek szubzisztenciája és tulajdonságainak inherenciája között.
Some scholars argue that personal subsistence is what makes an individual truly distinct.
He wrote his thesis on the subsistence of universals in realist metaphysics.
Debates about the subsistence of moral values continue in contemporary analytic philosophy.
学習者向け例文
In this philosophy book, "subsistence" means the way a thing exists as an individual.
Ebben a filozófiai könyvben a „szubzisztencia” azt jelenti, ahogyan egy dolog önálló létezőként fennáll.
The teacher explained that subsistence is different from a quality that exists in something else.
A tanár elmagyarázta, hogy a szubzisztencia különbözik attól, ahogyan egy tulajdonság valami másban áll fenn.
The article talks about the subsistence of the soul after death.
In theology, they study the subsistence of the three divine persons.
The concept of subsistence is difficult for many students of philosophy.
よくある間違い：
Learners may try to apply this very technical sense in everyday sentences about money or food, where it is not appropriate. This meaning appears almost only in academic philosophy or theology texts.
意味
philosophical individual mode of existence
コロケーション
individual subsistence
|personal subsistence
|subsistence of the soul
|subsistence of the divine persons
類義語
hypostasis (specialized theological term; often used in discussions of the Trinity and individual existence.)
|
personhood (related idea in theology and philosophy, but focuses more on being a 'person' than on the bare mode of existing.)
対義語
inherence (technical; refers to a quality existing in another thing rather than on its own.)
テーマ
philosophy
|theology
|science
|core_vocabulary
定義
in philosophy, the special way something exists as its own separate thing, not just as a quality of another thing
In philosophy and theology, the mode or quality by which a being exists as an individual entity, rather than as a mere attribute or property of something else.
文法
辞書形
subsistence
IPA
GB/sʌbsˈɪstəns/
US/sʌbsˈɪstəns/
音節・強勢
sub - sist - ence （3音節）
Stress on 2nd syllable (sist)
活用形
Noun
- Base: subsistence
- Plural: subsistence
関連語
Core family
subsist
verb C1
Related words
sustenance
noun
Advanced or less common
subsistent
adjective
表現
means of subsistence
1/mˈinz əv sʌbsˈɪstəns/
fixed phrase
formal
way to obtain basic livelihood
the way someone gets food, money, or other basics so they can stay alive
例文
- When the factory closed, many families lost their main means of subsistence.
- Fishing is the only means of subsistence for many people on the island.
subsistence agriculture
1/sʌbsˈɪstəns ˈæɡɹɪkˌʌlt͡ʃɚ/
fixed phrase
technical
agriculture for own basic needs
a style of farming where farmers grow food mainly to eat it themselves instead of selling it in markets
例文
- The region’s economy is still based largely on subsistence agriculture.
- Policies must consider the needs of communities that depend on subsistence agriculture.
subsistence allowance
1/sʌbsˈɪstəns əlˈaʊəns/
fixed phrase
formal
small payment for basic needs
a small amount of money given to someone so they can pay for food, housing, and other basic things
例文
- Students on the exchange program receive a monthly subsistence allowance.
- The government introduced a subsistence allowance for unemployed workers.
subsistence economy
1/sʌbsˈɪstəns ɪkˈɑnəmi/
fixed phrase
technical
economy based on self-sufficient production
an economic system in which people mostly grow or make what they need themselves, and do little buying or selling
例文
- The country is moving slowly from a subsistence economy to a market economy.
- In a subsistence economy, cash is less important than land and labor.
subsistence farming
1/sʌbsˈɪstəns fˈɑɹmɪŋ/
fixed phrase
farming for basic survival
a type of farming where people grow just enough food for themselves and their families, with little or none left to sell
例文
- Most households in the village rely on subsistence farming to feed themselves.
- During the drought, families doing subsistence farming struggled to produce enough crops.
subsistence level
1/sʌbsˈɪstəns lˈɛvəl/
fixed phrase
formal
minimum standard needed to live
the very low level of money or goods that people need just to stay alive and healthy
例文
- Many retirees are forced to live at subsistence level on their small pensions.
- The report estimates that one in five children grows up below the subsistence level.
subsistence living
1/sʌbsˈɪstəns lˈɪvɪŋ/
fixed phrase
life at basic survival level
a way of life where people have only enough food and money to stay alive, with no extra comfort or security
例文
- For many families, subsistence living is a daily reality.
- He described his childhood as a period of subsistence living on a remote farm.
subsistence wage
1/sʌbsˈɪstəns wˈeɪd͡ʒ/
fixed phrase
formal
wage just enough to survive
pay that is only just enough for a worker to buy food, shelter, and other basic needs
例文
- The factory workers complained that they receive only a subsistence wage.
- Unions argue that no one should have to live on a subsistence wage.