turbulence
gb/tˈɚbjələns/ us/tˈɚbjələns/
B2
英語
turbulencia, zűrzavar, érzelmi zűrzavar
名詞
B2
1
turbulencia
B2
用法パターン：
turbulence on/during [a flight]
The plane hit turbulence over the mountains, and the seat-belt sign came on.
A gép a hegyek fölött turbulenciába került, és bekapcsolt a biztonságiöv-jelzés.
We had a few minutes of severe turbulence, then the ride smoothed out.
Néhány percig erős turbulencia volt, aztán simább lett a repülés.
The pilot warned us to expect turbulence during descent.
学習者向け例文
There was turbulence, so I kept my seat belt on.
Turbulencia volt, ezért becsatolva hagytam a biztonsági övemet.
The flight was smooth with no turbulence.
A repülés nyugodt volt, turbulencia nélkül.
よくある間違い：
Usually uncountable in this meaning ("turbulence," not "a turbulence").
意味
rough air during a flight
コロケーション
severe turbulence
|light turbulence
|moderate turbulence
|turbulence ahead
|hit turbulence
|experience turbulence
|turbulence on the flight
|a patch of turbulence
|unexpected turbulence
|turbulence warning
類義語
rough air (Plain, informal phrase used especially in aviation contexts.)
|
bumpiness (More general and less technical; focuses on the feeling.)
対義語
smooth air (Air conditions that do not cause the aircraft to shake.)
|
calm (General opposite idea of no disturbance.)
テーマ
travel
|aviation
|weather
定義
rough air that makes a plane move suddenly.
sudden, irregular movement of air that makes an aircraft shake or move up and down in flight.
名詞
C1
2
turbulencia
C1
zűrzavar
B2
用法パターン：
turbulence in [a country/market/organization]
The company went through turbulence after the merger.
A vállalat az egyesülés után komoly turbulenciát élt át.
The region has faced years of political turbulence.
A térség évek óta politikai turbulenciával küzd.
Market turbulence made investors more cautious.
学習者向け例文
There is turbulence in the economy.
Turbulencia van a gazdaságban.
After the change, the team had a time of turbulence.
A változás után a csapat egy ideig zűrzavaros időszakot élt át.
よくある間違い：
Often used as an uncountable noun; avoid adding -s unless talking about separate kinds/episodes in a technical sense.
意味
a period of instability or trouble
コロケーション
political turbulence
|economic turbulence
|market turbulence
|social turbulence
|a period of turbulence
|years of turbulence
|financial turbulence
|turbulence in the region
|widespread turbulence
|cause turbulence
類義語
instability (More neutral; emphasizes lack of steadiness rather than conflict.)
|
upheaval (Stronger; suggests dramatic change and disruption.)
|
turmoil (Emphasizes confusion and disorder.)
対義語
stability (A steady condition without major disruption.)
|
calm (A peaceful situation with little conflict or uncertainty.)
テーマ
politics
|business
|society
定義
a time of trouble and sudden change.
a time when a situation is unsettled and changing unpredictably, often with conflict, uncertainty, or serious problems.
名詞
C1
TECHNICAL
3
turbulencia
C1
用法パターン：
turbulence in [air/water/flow]
The bridge supports were designed to reduce turbulence in the water.
A híd pilléreit úgy tervezték, hogy csökkentsék a víz turbulenciáját.
Turbulence mixes warmer and cooler air in the atmosphere.
A turbulencia összekeveri a melegebb és a hűvösebb levegőt a légkörben.
The simulation predicts where turbulence will form behind the object.
学習者向け例文
The water had turbulence near the rocks.
A vízben turbulencia alakult ki a sziklák közelében.
よくある間違い：
Do not confuse with "turbulences" in general writing; in science it is usually treated as uncountable.
意味
chaotic movement in a fluid
コロケーション
atmospheric turbulence
|water turbulence
|flow turbulence
|turbulence in the wake
|turbulence levels
|turbulence increases
|turbulence forms
|reduce turbulence
|turbulence effects
|turbulence measurements
類義語
eddy motion (More specific; focuses on circular currents within the flow.)
|
swirl (Less technical; refers to circular movement but not necessarily the full concept.)
対義語
laminar flow (Smooth, orderly flow with little mixing.)
|
smooth flow (Non-technical opposite describing steady movement.)
テーマ
science
|weather
|engineering
定義
air or water moving in a rough, swirling way.
irregular, swirling motion in a fluid such as air or water, as opposed to smooth, steady flow.
名詞
C1
4
用法パターン：
turbulence in [someone's life/mind]
He hid the turbulence he felt after the breakup.
Titkolta a szakítás után érzett érzelmi zűrzavarát.
The book describes the emotional turbulence of adolescence.
A könyv a kamaszkor érzelmi zűrzavarát írja le.
Meditation helped her calm the turbulence in her mind.
学習者向け例文
She felt a lot of emotional turbulence.
Nagy érzelmi zűrzavart érzett.
He wanted peace, not turbulence.
Nyugalmat akart, nem zűrzavart.
よくある間違い：
In this meaning it is usually uncountable and often used with "emotional" or "inner."
意味
strong emotional upset
コロケーション
emotional turbulence
|inner turbulence
|personal turbulence
|teenage turbulence
|feel turbulence
|turbulence in his life
|a time of turbulence
|periods of turbulence
類義語
turmoil (Very close; emphasizes confusion and distress.)
|
upset (More everyday and less intense.)
|
anguish (Stronger; focuses on suffering rather than instability.)
対義語
peace of mind (A calm, settled emotional state.)
|
contentment (A steady feeling of satisfaction.)
テーマ
emotions
|relationships
定義
strong, confused feelings, often stress or worry.
a state of intense emotional disturbance, confusion, or anxiety.
文法
辞書形
turbulence
IPA
GB/tˈɚbjələns/
US/tˈɚbjələns/
音節・強勢
tur - bu - lence （3音節）
Stress on 1st syllable (tur)
活用形
Noun
- Base: turbulence
- Plural: turbulence, turbulences
表現
clear-air turbulence
1/klˈɪɹ ˈɛɹ tˈɚbjələns/
fixed phrase
technical
turbulence with no visible clouds
turbulence in a clear sky.
例文
- The aircraft encountered clear-air turbulence at cruising altitude.
- Clear-air turbulence can happen even when the sky looks calm.
学習者向け例文
- We had clear-air turbulence in the middle of the flight.
turbulence model
1/tˈɚbjələns mˈɑdəl/
fixed phrase
technical
mathematical model of turbulent flow
a way to calculate turbulence in a computer model.
例文
- The results depend strongly on the turbulence model you choose.
- Engineers used a turbulence model to predict airflow over the wing.
turbulence warning
1/tˈɚbjələns wˈɔɹnɪŋ/
fixed phrase
alert about rough air
a warning that the plane may shake.
例文
- The captain gave a turbulence warning and asked everyone to sit down.
- We got a turbulence warning about ten minutes before the bumps started.
学習者向け例文
- They gave a turbulence warning.
wake turbulence
1/wˈeɪk tˈɚbjələns/
fixed phrase
technical
air disturbance behind an aircraft
turbulence caused by a plane ahead.
例文
- Air traffic control increased spacing to avoid wake turbulence.
- Small planes are more affected by wake turbulence from larger jets.
学習者向け例文
- The pilot waited to avoid wake turbulence.