breakdown
gb/bɹˈeɪkdˌaʊn/ us/bɹˈeɪkdˌaʊn/
B1
英語
~ 7900
語義
0件の語義
名詞
B1
event
1
sudden failure of a machine
A time when a machine or car stops working and cannot be used.
よくある間違い：
Learners often confuse the noun "breakdown" with the verb phrase "break down". Use "have a breakdown" (noun) for the event, and "the car broke down" (verb) for the action.
類義語
malfunction (More technical and often used for smaller faults, not always a total stop.)
対義語
smooth running (Describes a machine or system working without problems, the opposite of a breakdown.)
コロケーション
car breakdown
|engine breakdown
|mechanical breakdown
|sudden breakdown
|breakdown service
|roadside breakdown
テーマ
transport
|technology
|daily life
|transportation
例文
- We were late because our car had a breakdown on the highway.
- The factory suffered a major breakdown that stopped production for two days.
- Make sure your insurance covers breakdowns while you are abroad.
- A sudden power breakdown left the whole neighborhood in darkness.
学習者向け例文
- Their car had a breakdown on the way to work.
- We waited an hour for the breakdown truck to arrive.
- The bus breakdown caused a long delay.
- I’m afraid of a breakdown when I drive an old car.
名詞
B2
event
2
sudden mental or emotional collapse
A very serious time when someone cannot control their mind or emotions because of too much stress.
よくある間違い：
Learners sometimes use "breakdown" for any normal sadness or tiredness. A breakdown is much more serious than just feeling sad or stressed; it suggests a crisis in mental or emotional health.
類義語
meltdown (More informal and often used for a shorter, less clinical emotional loss of control.)
対義語
recovery (Refers to returning to normal mental health after a breakdown.)
コロケーション
nervous breakdown
|mental breakdown
|emotional breakdown
|have a breakdown
|on the verge of a breakdown
テーマ
health
|emotions
|psychology
例文
- After months of working seven days a week, he suffered a breakdown.
- She was close to a nervous breakdown and finally took time off work.
- His breakdown came after a long period of stress and lack of sleep.
- The film shows a successful lawyer’s slow breakdown under pressure.
学習者向け例文
- He had a breakdown after he lost his job.
- She is afraid of having another nervous breakdown.
- The doctor said his breakdown was caused by stress.
- After her breakdown, she stayed in hospital for two weeks.
名詞
B1
entity
3
detailed division into parts
A clear list that shows the different parts of something, such as costs, numbers, or groups.
用法パターン：
a breakdown of [something]
よくある間違い：
Learners sometimes say "*divide down" or "*explain down" instead of asking for a "breakdown" of numbers or information. Use "a breakdown of X" when you want to see the parts or groups of X.
類義語
analysis (Broader and more general; a breakdown often focuses on listing or grouping parts clearly.)
対義語
summary (Gives only the main points, while a breakdown shows the detailed parts.)
コロケーション
cost breakdown
|breakdown of expenses
|breakdown of results
|breakdown by category
|detailed breakdown
|provide a breakdown
テーマ
business
|math
|education
|work
|finance
|communication
例文
- The invoice includes a full breakdown of all the charges.
- The report gives a breakdown of student performance by age and gender.
- Could you send me a breakdown of the project costs?
- Here’s a breakdown of our sales by region for last year.
学習者向け例文
- The bill shows a breakdown of the price.
- We need a breakdown of our monthly spending.
- The teacher gave a breakdown of the exam scores.
- This chart is a breakdown of our customers by country.
名詞
B2
event
4
failure of a system or process
A time when a system, process, or relationship stops working well or stops working at all.
用法パターン：
a breakdown in [system/relationship]
よくある間違い：
Learners sometimes say "*communication was breakdown" instead of "there was a breakdown in communication" or "communication broke down". Use the noun "a breakdown in X" or the verb phrase "X broke down".
類義語
collapse (Often stronger, suggesting a sudden and total failure of the system or relationship.)
対義語
proper functioning (Describes a system or relationship working as it should, opposite of a breakdown.)
コロケーション
breakdown in communication
|breakdown of law and order
|marriage breakdown
|complete breakdown
|breakdown of negotiations
テーマ
society
|politics
|communication
|work
|business
|relationships
例文
- A breakdown in communication led to serious mistakes in the project.
- The talks ended in a complete breakdown of negotiations.
- Many people blamed the crisis on a breakdown of trust in government.
- There has been a breakdown of law and order in the region.
学習者向け例文
- There was a breakdown in communication between the teams.
- Their marriage ended after a long breakdown in trust.
- The meeting failed because of a breakdown of negotiations.
- A breakdown of order followed the protest.
名詞
technical
B2
event
5
chemical or biological decomposition
The process when a chemical or food is broken into smaller, simpler parts, often in the body or in nature.
用法パターン：
the breakdown of [substance]
よくある間違い：
No specific common mistake is strongly associated with this technical sense, apart from general confusion with everyday senses like mechanical failure.
類義語
decomposition (More formal scientific term; very close in meaning in chemistry and biology.)
対義語
synthesis (The formation of more complex substances from simpler ones, the opposite of breakdown.)
コロケーション
protein breakdown
|fat breakdown
|breakdown of ozone
|chemical breakdown
|breakdown of food
テーマ
science
|biology
|chemistry
例文
- The drug affects the breakdown of fats in the body.
- Ultraviolet light causes the breakdown of ozone in the upper atmosphere.
- The rapid breakdown of organic matter releases nutrients into the soil.
- Enzymes speed up the breakdown of food during digestion.
学習者向け例文
- Exercise can increase the breakdown of fat.
- The breakdown of food starts in the mouth.
- Heat can cause the breakdown of some chemicals.
- Bacteria help with the breakdown of dead plants.
名詞
informal
C1
entity
6
rhythmic section in a song
A part of a song where the music changes and the beat or drums become very strong, often for dancing.
よくある間違い：
Learners might confuse this musical sense with mechanical or emotional failure. In music reviews or club talk, "the breakdown" refers to a song section, not a problem.
類義語
bridge (A different song section; a bridge connects parts of a song, while a breakdown focuses on reducing instruments and stressing rhythm.)
対義語
full chorus (A part of a song where all instruments and voices are strong, opposite of the stripped-down feel of a breakdown.)
コロケーション
drum breakdown
|heavy breakdown
|drop into a breakdown
|the breakdown of the track
テーマ
music
|entertainment
|arts_entertainment
例文
- The DJ extended the breakdown to keep the crowd dancing.
- There’s a great drum breakdown in the middle of this track.
- The song moves from a soft verse into a heavy breakdown.
学習者向け例文
- The breakdown of this song is my favorite part.
- The DJ played a long breakdown before the final chorus.
- Fans love the heavy breakdown at the end of the track.
名詞
B2
entity
7
simple explanation of main parts
An easy explanation that shows the main parts or steps of something difficult to understand.
用法パターン：
a breakdown of [process/situation]
よくある間違い：
Learners sometimes think a "breakdown" must include numbers or money. It can also be a simple, clear explanation of steps or main points, even without figures.
類義語
outline (Often shorter and less detailed; a breakdown usually explains parts more clearly.)
対義語
confusing explanation (A way of explaining that does not make something clearer, opposite of a breakdown.)
コロケーション
breakdown of what happened
|breakdown of the process
|breakdown of the steps
|quick breakdown
|basic breakdown
テーマ
communication
|education
例文
- Here’s a quick breakdown of what happened at the meeting.
- The guide includes a simple breakdown of the visa application process.
- Let me give you a breakdown of the steps before we start.
- The article provides a clear breakdown of the new tax rules.
学習者向け例文
- The teacher gave a breakdown of the homework rules.
- Can you give me a breakdown of the plan?
- This video is a good breakdown of the story.
- I need a simple breakdown of how this machine works.
文法
辞書形
breakdown
IPA
GB/bɹˈeɪkdˌaʊn/
US/bɹˈeɪkdˌaʊn/
音節・強勢
break - down （2音節）
Stress on 1st syllable (break)
活用形
Noun
- Base: breakdown
- Plural: breakdowns
関連語
表現
breakdown in communication
1/bɹˈeɪkdˌaʊn ˈɪn kəmjˌunɪkˈeɪʃən/
fixed phrase
failure of communication
A situation where people do not share information well, so they stop understanding each other.
例文
- The accident happened because of a breakdown in communication between the pilots and the control tower.
- There has been a serious breakdown in communication between management and staff.
- Most conflicts at work come from a breakdown in communication.
complete breakdown
1/kəmplˈit bɹˈeɪkdˌaʊn/
fixed phrase
total failure or collapse
A situation where something fails totally and does not work at all, like a machine, system, or relationship.
例文
- The strike led to a complete breakdown of public transport.
- Their argument caused a complete breakdown in trust.
- There was a complete breakdown of order after the earthquake.
emotional breakdown
1/ɪmˈoʊʃənəl bɹˈeɪkdˌaʊn/
fixed phrase
sudden loss of emotional control
A time when a person suddenly cannot control their feelings and feels very, very upset.
例文
- She had an emotional breakdown after the accident.
- The movie shows the main character’s emotional breakdown and recovery.
- He was on the edge of an emotional breakdown by the end of the year.
have a breakdown
1/hˈæv ə bɹˈeɪkdˌaʊn/
fixed phrase
experience a mental breakdown
To suddenly become unable to control your mind or emotions because of strong stress or problems.
例文
- He had a breakdown after working eighty-hour weeks for months.
- She nearly had a breakdown during the divorce.
- They were worried he would have a breakdown if the pressure continued.
mental breakdown
1/mˈɛntəl bɹˈeɪkdˌaʊn/
fixed phrase
serious temporary mental failure
A serious problem when someone’s mind cannot cope with stress or illness, so they cannot live normally for a time.
例文
- He had a mental breakdown and was hospitalized for several weeks.
- The story follows her slow recovery from a mental breakdown.
- Constant pressure at work pushed him toward a mental breakdown.
on the verge of a breakdown
1/ˈɔn ðə vˈɚd͡ʒ əv ə bɹˈeɪkdˌaʊn/
fixed phrase
almost having a breakdown
Feeling so stressed or upset that you are very close to having a serious mental or emotional breakdown.
例文
- By the end of the project, she was on the verge of a breakdown.
- He looked exhausted and on the verge of a breakdown.
- Many workers feel they are on the verge of a breakdown because of constant overtime.
break down
1/bɹˈeɪk dˈaʊn/
phrasal verb
Stop working or collapse emotionally
When a machine stops working, or when a person starts crying or cannot control emotions anymore.
例文
- My car broke down on the way home.
- Our car broke down on the way to the airport.
- She broke down in tears when she heard the news.
- Let me break down the process so everyone can understand it.
- The washing machine has broken down again.
- She broke down in tears after hearing the news.
- The washing machine keeps breaking down, so we need a new one.
- He tried to stay calm but finally broke down during the interview.
- The teacher broke the problem down into three simple questions.
- The bus broke down in the middle of the journey and everyone had to get off.
- After days of stress, he broke down and asked for help.
- The article breaks down the new law in clear language.
nervous breakdown
1/nˈɚvəs bɹˈeɪkdˌaʊn/
fixed phrase
severe mental health crisis
A period when someone cannot live normally because of extreme stress or mental illness.
例文
- After months of pressure at work, she had a nervous breakdown.
- After his nervous breakdown, he took six months off work.
- He took time off after suffering a nervous breakdown.
- She suffered a nervous breakdown in her twenties but later recovered.
- The doctor warned him he was close to a nervous breakdown.