causation
gb/kˌɔzˈeɪʃən/ us/kˌɔzˈeɪʃən/
C1
英語
語義
0件の語義
名詞
formal
C1
relation
1
cause-and-effect relationship
the relationship where one thing makes another thing happen
用法パターン：
causation between [something] and [something]; evidence of causation
よくある間違い：
Do not use causation when you only mean that two things happen together; that is correlation.
類義語
causality (more technical or philosophical; often used in science and logic)
|
cause and effect (more everyday and easier to understand)
対義語
correlation (a relationship or pattern that does not by itself prove that one thing causes the other)
|
coincidence (events happening together by chance rather than because one caused the other)
コロケーション
prove causation
|establish causation
|show causation
|demonstrate causation
|evidence of causation
|causation between factors
|causation and correlation
|direct causation
|clear causation
|possible causation
テーマ
science
|research
|logic
|statistics
例文
- The study found a strong association, but it did not prove causation.
- Researchers are trying to establish causation between air pollution and the rise in asthma cases.
- In science, evidence of causation usually requires more than a simple pattern in the data.
学習者向け例文
- Causation means that one thing makes another thing happen.
- The graph shows a link, but it does not show causation.
名詞
formal
C1
process
2
process of causing something
the way something produces a result or condition
用法パターン：
the causation of [a result/condition]; factors in the causation of [something]
よくある間違い：
Causation is usually formal; in everyday speech, people often say cause instead.
類義語
cause (more common and general; can refer to the reason itself rather than the process)
|
production (emphasizes making or creating an effect; less specifically about cause and effect)
対義語
prevention (stopping something from happening rather than bringing it about)
コロケーション
causation of disease
|causation of injury
|causation of harm
|disease causation
|cancer causation
|factors in causation
|mechanisms of causation
|role in causation
テーマ
medicine
|science
|health
|research
例文
- Smoking plays a major role in the causation of several serious diseases.
- The report examined workplace stress as a factor in the causation of burnout.
- Scientists still debate the exact mechanisms involved in the causation of the disorder.
学習者向け例文
- Doctors study the causation of disease.
- Stress can be a factor in the causation of illness.
名詞
legal
C2
rule
3
legal link to harm
the legal question of whether someone's action caused the harm in a way that makes them responsible
用法パターン：
causation in [a case/claim]; prove/establish causation
よくある間違い：
In legal contexts, causation is not just a scientific link; it also involves rules about responsibility and remoteness.
類義語
causal link (less technical; refers to the connection between the act and the harm)
|
causal connection (general legal or formal wording for the required connection)
コロケーション
legal causation
|factual causation
|prove causation
|establish causation
|issue of causation
|element of causation
|causation in negligence
|causation in tort
|chain of causation
テーマ
law
|crime
|courts
|liability
例文
- The court found that causation had not been proved, so the claim failed.
- In a negligence case, the plaintiff must usually establish duty, breach, causation, and damage.
- The defendant admitted making a mistake but denied causation of the loss.
学習者向け例文
- The lawyer had to prove causation.
- Without causation, the defendant was not legally responsible for the injury.
文法
辞書形
causation
IPA
GB/kˌɔzˈeɪʃən/
US/kˌɔzˈeɪʃən/
音節・強勢
caus - a - tion （3音節）
Stress on 2nd syllable (a)
活用形
Noun
- Base: causation
- Plural: causation, causations
表現
break the chain of causation
1/bɹˈeɪk ðə t͡ʃˈeɪn əv kˌɔzˈeɪʃən/
fixed phrase
legal
interrupt legal causal link
to stop an earlier action from being legally treated as the cause of what happened later
例文
- The defense argued that the victim's own decision broke the chain of causation.
- An unforeseeable medical error may, in rare cases, break the chain of causation.
- The judge held that the storm did not break the chain of causation between the negligence and the damage.
but-for causation
1/bˈʌt fɚ kˌɔzˈeɪʃən/
fixed phrase
legal
necessary-cause legal test
the legal test asking, “Would this harm have happened without that action?”
例文
- The plaintiff established but-for causation by showing that the injury would not have occurred without the faulty repair.
- But-for causation can be difficult to prove when several factors contributed to the harm.
- The court applied the but-for causation test to the doctor's failure to diagnose the illness.
chain of causation
1/t͡ʃˈeɪn əv kˌɔzˈeɪʃən/
fixed phrase
formal
sequence of causal events
a series of events where one event causes the next
例文
- Investigators traced the chain of causation from the software error to the system failure.
- The accident resulted from a long chain of causation involving poor maintenance and bad weather.
- The court considered whether the victim's later actions formed part of the same chain of causation.
correlation does not imply causation
1/kˌɔɹəlˈeɪʃən dˈʌz nˈɑt ɪmplˈaɪ kˌɔzˈeɪʃən/
fixed phrase
warning not to confuse cause and link
Even if two things happen together or change together, this does not prove that one thing causes the other.
例文
- The professor reminded the class that correlation does not imply causation when they tried to explain the results.
- Journalists should remember that correlation does not imply causation before claiming that one behavior causes another.
correlation does not imply causation
1/kˌɔɹəlˈeɪʃən dˈʌz nˈɑt ɪmplˈaɪ kˌɔzˈeɪʃən/
fixed phrase
association is not proof
just because two things happen together does not mean one caused the other
例文
- Ice cream sales and sunburns both rise in summer, but correlation does not imply causation.
- The article was careful to note that correlation does not imply causation.
- Higher screen time was linked with poor sleep, but correlation does not imply causation.
reverse causation
1/ɹɪvˈɚs kˌɔzˈeɪʃən/
fixed phrase
technical
effect causes supposed cause
when A seems to cause B, but B may actually cause A
例文
- The study tried to rule out reverse causation by measuring exercise habits before illness developed.
- Low income may lead to poor health, but reverse causation is also possible if poor health reduces income.
- Researchers used long-term data to test for reverse causation.