infect
gb/ɪnfˈɛkt/ us/ɪnfˈɛkt/
B1
英語
~ 5200
語義
0件の語義
動詞
B1
action
1
give a person or animal a disease
to make a person, animal, or body part sick by putting germs, a virus, or bacteria into it
用法パターン：
to infect [someone/something] with [a disease]
よくある間違い：
Learners sometimes say *"He was infect by the virus"* instead of *"He was infected by the virus"* (past participle needed). Another common mistake is confusing *infect* with *affect*; *infect* is only about disease or something spreading like a disease, while *affect* is about causing any kind of change.
類義語
contaminate (can refer to making something dirty or unsafe in general; less specific to organisms growing inside the body)
|
transmit (focuses on passing a disease from one person to another, not on what happens inside the body after)
|
infectious (adjective form; describes the disease or agent rather than the action)
対義語
cure (means to remove a disease from someone, the opposite of causing disease)
|
vaccinate (means to protect someone against infection rather than cause infection)
コロケーション
infect humans
|infect animals
|infect a patient
|infect the lungs
|infect millions
|infect [someone] with [a virus]
テーマ
health
|science
|medicine
|body
例文
- The virus infected thousands of people within a few weeks.
- Doctors are worried that the bacteria could infect the patient’s bloodstream.
- If a mosquito carrying malaria bites you, it can infect you with the parasite.
- The wound became infected after he fell on the dirty ground.
- Health officials warn that the disease may infect more children this winter.
学習者向け例文
- The flu virus infected many students at the school.
- A sick dog can infect other dogs in the park.
- Touching dirty water can infect your skin with germs.
- The cut on his hand was infected and very red.
- They were afraid the sick man might infect his family.
unknown
B2
action
2
contaminate things with germs
to put germs or harmful bacteria into water, food, air, or other things so that they can make people or animals sick
用法パターン：
to infect [something] with [germs/disease]
よくある間違い：
Learners may overuse *infect* where *pollute* is better, for example saying *"The factory infected the river"* when they mean it put chemicals, not germs, into the water. Use *infect* when living germs or organisms are the problem.
類義語
contaminate (very close in this sense; can also include non-biological pollution like chemicals or dirt)
|
pollute (focuses on making the environment dirty or unsafe, not necessarily with living organisms)
対義語
sterilize (means to remove all living microorganisms from something, the opposite of infecting it with them)
|
disinfect (means to kill germs on a surface or object, reversing infection/contamination)
コロケーション
infect the water supply
|infect food
|infect the air
|infect soil
|infect medical equipment
|infect a sample
テーマ
health
|environment
|science
例文
- Floodwater can infect wells and make drinking water unsafe.
- Improper handling of raw meat may infect other foods in the kitchen.
- The laboratory warned that a small mistake could infect the entire batch of samples.
- Sewage leaks were found to infect nearby rivers with dangerous bacteria.
- Rusty medical tools can infect the surgical area with harmful microbes.
学習者向け例文
- Dirty hands can infect the food you cook.
- Sick animals can infect the farm water.
- Sewage can infect a lake and kill fish.
- Bad air can infect many people in a small room.
- The doctor cleaned the area so that nothing would infect the wound.
動詞
B2
action
3
put a virus on a computer
to put a computer virus or bad program on a computer, phone, or network so it does not work normally or is not safe
用法パターン：
to infect [a computer/system/device] with [a virus/malware]
よくある間違い：
Learners sometimes say *"The computer is affect by a virus"* instead of *"The computer is infected with a virus"*. Use *infected with* for viruses, both in health and computers.
類義語
compromise (technical; emphasizes that security has been weakened or broken, not necessarily how)
|
corrupt (focuses on damaging data or files, not always through a spreading virus)
対義語
secure (means to protect a system from attack, the opposite of infecting it with malware)
|
clean (in IT, to remove viruses or malware from a system)
コロケーション
infect a computer
|infect a system
|infect a network
|infect a device with malware
|infect millions of users
|infect files
テーマ
technology
|computing
|security
例文
- Hackers used a phishing email to infect thousands of computers with ransomware.
- If you plug in an unknown USB drive, it could infect your laptop.
- The malware is designed to infect devices and then secretly mine cryptocurrency.
- One compromised server can quickly infect the entire network.
- The antivirus software blocked the file before it could infect the system.
学習者向け例文
- A bad website can infect your computer with a virus.
- The email had a file that tried to infect my laptop.
- Their phones were infected with a spy program.
- The company server was infected and stopped working.
- You should update your antivirus so hackers cannot infect your computer.
動詞
C1
action
4
spread a feeling or attitude
to make other people feel or think the same way as you do, in a strong way that spreads quickly like a sickness
用法パターン：
to infect [someone/a group] with [an emotion/attitude]
よくある間違い：
Learners may overuse this figurative sense and say things like *"The news infected me"* when *"The news upset me"* is more natural. Use *infect* when a feeling or idea spreads from one person or group to many others, not just for a single reaction.
類義語
inspire (usually positive; focuses on encouraging or motivating, without the negative or uncontrollable feeling of 'infect')
|
poison (strongly negative; suggests harming thoughts or relationships, similar to a very harmful infection)
|
permeate (more formal and neutral; describes something gradually spreading through a group or space)
対義語
uplift (to make people feel more positive, often the opposite of negatively infecting them with fear or hate)
|
calm (to reduce strong emotions rather than spread them)
コロケーション
infect a crowd with enthusiasm
|infect others with fear
|infect the team with confidence
|infect young minds with hatred
|infect the room with his energy
|infect society with doubt
テーマ
emotions
|social
|communication
|relationships
例文
- Her laughter seemed to infect everyone in the room.
- The coach’s confidence infected the whole team before the final game.
- Online hate speech can infect young people with extremist ideas.
- A sense of panic quickly infected the crowd after the explosion.
- His negative attitude infected the office and lowered morale.
学習者向け例文
- Her happy mood infected all of her friends.
- Fear infected the town after the attack.
- The speaker infected the audience with hope.
- His bad mood infected everyone in the small group.
- These videos can infect young people with dangerous ideas.
文法
辞書形
infect
IPA
GB/ɪnfˈɛkt/
US/ɪnfˈɛkt/
音節・強勢
in - fect （2音節）
Stress on 2nd syllable (fect)
活用形
Verb
- Base: infect
- 3rd Person Singular: infects
- Present Participle: infecting
- Past: infected
関連語
Forms
infects
verb
infecting
verb
infected
verb
Core family
infection
noun B1
infectious
adjective B2
Related words
infectiousness
noun
infectiously
adverb
Negative and opposite forms
disinfect
verb
disinfection
noun
disinfectant
noun
Advanced or less common
infective
adjective
infectivity
noun
表現
この項目には、まだ関連する表現がありません。