penance
gb/pˈɛnəns/ us/pˈɛnəns/
B2
英語
~ 8400
語義
0件の語義
名詞
B2
entity
1
self-punishing act for wrongdoing
A hard or unpleasant thing that someone chooses to do to show they are sorry for doing something wrong.
用法パターン：
to do penance for [something]
よくある間違い：
Learners sometimes say *"make a penance"* or *"pay a penance"*. The usual phrase in modern English is *"do penance"* or *"perform penance"*. Learners may also confuse *penance* with *penalty*; *penalty* is a punishment given by a rule or law, while *penance* is usually something you accept or choose to show you are sorry.
類義語
atonement (More formal and abstract; often refers to the overall process of making up for wrongs, not just a specific act.)
|
self-punishment (Focuses directly on punishing oneself, without the religious or moral nuance that penance can carry.)
対義語
reward (A pleasant thing given or received for some reason, opposite in nature to a hard or painful act of penance.)
コロケーション
do penance
|penance for [one’s] sins
|impose penance
|accept penance
|as penance for [something]
テーマ
religion
|emotions
|ethics
|core_vocabulary
例文
- He volunteered at the shelter every weekend as penance for his past mistakes.
- She gave up alcohol for a year as a form of penance after the accident.
- The politician’s public apology was seen as insufficient penance for his actions.
- They walked the pilgrimage route barefoot in penance for their sins.
- He felt he had to live a simple life as penance for the harm his company had caused.
学習者向け例文
- He cleaned the whole house as penance for being rude to his mother.
- She stopped watching TV for a month as penance for failing her exam.
- The player did charity work as penance for his bad behavior on the field.
- He saw his extra work on the weekend as penance for coming in late.
- They went to the temple to offer flowers as penance for their lie.
名詞
C1
entity
2
Christian sacrament of confession
In some Christian churches, a religious act where a person tells a priest their sins, is forgiven, and is told to do a special act to show they are sorry.
用法パターン：
the Sacrament of Penance
よくある間違い：
Learners may not realize that in Catholic English, *Penance* (often with a capital letter) can be the formal name of a sacrament, not just a general word for self-punishment. They may also confuse *Penance* with simply *prayer*; while prayer is part of it, the sacrament includes confession, absolution, and a specific act of penance.
類義語
confession (Common everyday term used by many Catholics for the same sacrament; slightly less formal and doctrinal than saying Penance.)
対義語
excommunication (Being formally removed from participation in the Church, which contrasts with Penance, a sacrament meant to restore a person’s relationship with God and the Church.)
コロケーション
the Sacrament of Penance
|confession and penance
|receive penance
|go to Penance
|administer Penance
テーマ
religion
例文
- In the Catholic Church, Penance is one of the seven sacraments.
- After many years away, he finally returned to receive the Sacrament of Penance.
- The priest explained how Penance helps believers repair their relationship with God.
- She goes to Penance regularly during Lent.
- The bishop encouraged the faithful to approach Penance with sincere hearts.
学習者向け例文
- He went to Penance to tell the priest about his sins.
- Penance is an important sacrament for many Catholics.
- After Penance, she felt clean and peaceful.
- The priest gave him Penance and a blessing.
- Some people go to Penance before major holidays.
名詞
B2
entity
3
unpleasant duty as consequence
A bad or boring thing you must do because of something you did before, often said in a light or joking way.
用法パターン：
[something] is penance for [something]
よくある間違い：
Learners sometimes think *penance* is only serious and religious. In modern speech, it is often used humorously for any unpleasant duty after a mistake, even a small one. They may also confuse it with *penalty*; *penalty* is more formal and legal or in sports, while *penance* often suggests a personal or emotional sense of paying for something.
類義語
price (As in *"the price you pay"*; focuses more on cost or consequence, without the explicit idea of regret or self-punishment that penance suggests.)
対義語
perk (A pleasant extra advantage that comes from a situation, the opposite of an unpleasant duty or consequence.)
コロケーション
my penance for [something]
|serve my penance
|endless penance
|penance for staying out late
|penance for my mistakes
テーマ
daily_life
|emotions
|core_vocabulary
例文
- Spending the weekend with his in‑laws was his penance for forgetting their anniversary.
- Mark joked that answering all those emails was penance for taking a long vacation.
- Writing the long report felt like penance for missing last week’s meeting.
- She saw the early morning flights as penance for choosing a cheaper airline.
- Sitting through the three‑hour lecture was my penance for signing up late.
学習者向け例文
- He said the extra work was his penance for coming late every day.
- Doing the dishes all week was her penance for breaking the plate.
- The long meeting was our penance for not planning well.
- He called the boring class his penance for choosing that subject.
- She said the noisy room was her penance for paying less money.
動詞
archaic
C2
action
4
impose penance on someone
To give someone a special hard task to do as a punishment for doing wrong, usually in a religious setting. (Very old use.)
用法パターン：
to penance [someone] for [something]
よくある間違い：
Modern English speakers almost never use *penance* as a verb. Learners should avoid *"to penance someone"* in normal speech and use *"to punish"* instead.
類義語
punish (General and common verb for causing someone to suffer for wrongdoing; *penance* as a verb is more specific and religious, and is now rare.)
対義語
forgive (Means to stop being angry and not punish someone, which contrasts with imposing penance on them.)
コロケーション
heavily penanced
|penanced by the Church
|penanced for his sins
テーマ
religion
|law
例文
- He was penanced by his order for breaking his vows.
- The monks penanced the offender with a week of fasting and silence.
- In the old tales, the knight was penanced for his pride with years of wandering.
学習者向け例文
- The old book says the man was penanced for his crime.
- In the story, the king penanced the soldier with hard work.
- The priest penanced him with many days of prayer.
- She was penanced in the legend for telling lies.
- The monk penanced the thief in the ancient story.
文法
辞書形
penance
IPA
GB/pˈɛnəns/
US/pˈɛnəns/
音節・強勢
pen - ance （2音節）
Stress on 1st syllable (pen)
活用形
Noun
- Base: penance
- Plural: penance
関連語
Core family
penitence
noun
penitent
adjective C1
Negative and opposite forms
impenitent
adjective
Advanced or less common
penitential
adjective
penitentiary
noun
表現
as penance
1/ˈæz pˈɛnəns/
fixed phrase
as a self-punishing act
Used to say that a hard or unpleasant thing is being done to show that someone is sorry.
例文
- She ran a marathon as penance for years of unhealthy living.
- He agreed to work night shifts as penance for his earlier mistakes.
- They spent their holiday cleaning the beach as penance for their careless behavior.
do penance
1/dˈu pˈɛnəns/
fixed phrase
perform an act of penance
To do something hard or unpleasant to show that you are sorry for what you did.
例文
- After lying to his parents, he decided to do penance by helping around the house for a month.
- The singer did penance in the public eye by donating all the profits from her tour to charity.
- He spent years doing penance for the damage his company had caused.