substitution
gb/sˌʌbstɪtˈuʃən/ us/sˌʌbstɪtˈuʃən/
B2
英語
~ 7800
語義
0件の語義
名詞
B2
action
1
act of replacing something
The act of using one person or thing instead of another person or thing.
用法パターン：
the substitution of [A] for [B]
よくある間違い：
Learners often confuse the prepositions in this pattern. The usual pattern is "the substitution of A for B", meaning A replaces B. For example, "the substitution of honey for sugar" means honey is used instead of sugar. Many learners mistakenly say *"substitution of sugar for honey"* when they actually mean the opposite.
類義語
replacement (The most general and common word for putting one thing or person in place of another.)
対義語
retention (Focuses on keeping the original person or thing instead of changing it.)
コロケーション
the substitution of A for B
|make a substitution
|serve as a substitution for
|use [something] as a substitution
|by substitution
テーマ
daily life
|work
|core_vocabulary
|daily_life
例文
- The substitution of plant-based milk for dairy has become very common.
- We recommend the substitution of online forms for paper applications to save time.
- There will be no substitution of speakers; the original panel will stay the same.
- As a quick substitution, you can use lemon juice instead of vinegar.
- The policy allows the substitution of work experience for some academic credits.
学習者向け例文
- The substitution of sugar with honey makes the cake healthier.
- There was a last-minute substitution of the main actor in the play.
- You can make a substitution if you do not have this ingredient.
- The teacher allowed the substitution of an online test for the paper test.
- The recipe suggests the substitution of oil for butter.
名詞
B2
action
2
player change in sports
When a team takes one player out of the game and sends a different player in.
用法パターン：
make a substitution
よくある間違い：
Learners sometimes say *"change a substitution"* or *"do a substitution". The natural verb is usually "make": "make a substitution". Also, "substitution" is the action; the new player is called a "substitute", not a "substitution".
類義語
player change (Clear everyday description; less technical than "substitution" and not usually used as an official term.)
対義語
unchanged lineup (Describes the opposite situation, where no players are replaced during the game.)
コロケーション
make a substitution
|tactical substitution
|late substitution
|first-half substitution
|defensive substitution
テーマ
sports
例文
- The coach made a late substitution to add fresh legs in midfield.
- Due to injury, the team had to make an early substitution.
- His substitution at half-time changed the course of the match.
- The rules allow three substitutions per team in this competition.
- A tactical substitution brought on an extra defender to protect the lead.
学習者向け例文
- The coach made a substitution after the goal.
- They used all three substitutions in the second half.
- Her substitution in the game helped the team win.
- Because he was tired, the coach made a substitution.
- The referee did not see the signal for the substitution.
名詞
technical
C1
action
3
mathematical variable replacement
In math, putting one number or expression in place of a letter oranother expression to help solve a problem.
用法パターン：
solve [something] by substitution
よくある間違い：
Learners sometimes confuse the adjective "substitutional" or say *"substitutive method" instead of the standard phrase "substitution method". They may also overuse "put" instead of the more natural verb "substitute" or the noun phrase "make a substitution" in math explanations.
類義語
variable replacement (A descriptive phrase that explains the idea, used in teaching but less often as a set term.)
対義語
elimination method (A common alternative method for solving systems of equations that does not rely on substitution.)
コロケーション
solve by substitution
|substitution method
|u-substitution
|substitution into the formula
|algebraic substitution
テーマ
mathematics
|education
|science
例文
- We can solve this system of equations using substitution.
- Substitution is often the easiest method when one equation is already solved for a variable.
- The teacher demonstrated u-substitution to evaluate the integral.
- After substitution of x = 2, the expression becomes easy to calculate.
- Careful substitution into the formula prevents simple arithmetic errors.
学習者向け例文
- We will solve these two equations by substitution.
- Substitution is a common method in algebra.
- After substitution, the new equation is simpler.
- Please try substitution to find the value of x.
- The teacher showed how substitution works step by step.
名詞
technical
C1
event
4
chemical substitution reaction
In chemistry, a type of reaction where one part of a molecule is taken away and another part is put in its place.
用法パターン：
a substitution of [group] for [group]
よくある間違い：
Learners may confuse "substitution reaction" with "substitute" as a verb in everyday language and may not realize that, in chemistry, it has a very specific technical meaning. They also sometimes mix up substitution and addition reactions because both change a molecule.
類義語
replacement reaction (A close technical term; sometimes used more broadly, but often overlaps strongly with substitution reactions.)
対義語
addition reaction (A different type of reaction where atoms or groups are added to a molecule instead of replacing parts of it.)
コロケーション
substitution reaction
|electrophilic substitution
|nucleophilic substitution
|substitution of chlorine for hydrogen
|radical substitution
テーマ
science
|chemistry
例文
- Chlorination of methane is a typical example of a substitution reaction.
- Nucleophilic substitution involves a nucleophile replacing a leaving group.
- In this experiment, you will observe an electrophilic aromatic substitution.
- The substitution of bromine for chlorine significantly changes the compound’s properties.
- Substitution reactions are common in organic synthesis.
学習者向け例文
- In this lab we study a substitution reaction.
- A substitution reaction replaces one group with another group.
- Electrophilic substitution happens in some organic compounds.
- Nucleophilic substitution is an important reaction in chemistry.
- The teacher drew a simple example of a substitution on the board.
名詞
technical
C2
action
5
linguistic replacement of form
In language study, using one word or phrase instead of another word or phrase that it refers to.
用法パターン：
substitution of [form] for [form]
よくある間違い：
Learners may not realize that "substitution" in linguistics is a technical term and may think it has only the everyday meaning of simple replacement, missing its specific role in cohesion and grammatical tests.
類義語
replacement (A more general word that can describe the same idea, but without the technical focus on grammatical structure.)
対義語
repetition (In discourse and grammar, the opposite strategy is to repeat the same form instead of substituting another one.)
コロケーション
pronoun substitution
|auxiliary substitution
|substitution test
|nominal substitution
|substitution in cohesion
テーマ
language
|linguistics
|education
|communication
例文
- Pronoun substitution helps avoid repetition in a text.
- In cohesion analysis, substitution is one of the key grammatical devices.
- We can use a substitution test to check whether this phrase functions as a noun phrase.
- Auxiliary substitution occurs when an auxiliary verb stands in for a whole verb phrase.
- The student confused ellipsis with substitution in her analysis.
学習者向け例文
- Substitution is an important idea in grammar studies.
- Pronoun substitution can make writing less repetitive.
- Teachers sometimes use a substitution test to find the word class.
- In this sentence, there is substitution of a pronoun for a noun phrase.
- Substitution and repetition are two different ways to connect ideas.
文法
辞書形
substitution
IPA
GB/sˌʌbstɪtˈuʃən/
US/sˌʌbstɪtˈuʃən/
音節・強勢
sub - sti - tu - tion （4音節）
Stress on 3rd syllable (tu)
活用形
Noun
- Base: substitution
- Plural: substitution, substitutions
関連語
Forms
substitutions
noun
Core family
substitute
verb B1
Related words
replace
verb A2
replacement
noun A2
Advanced or less common
substitutable
adjective
表現
no substitutions
1/nˈoʊ sˌʌbstɪtˈuʃənz/
fixed phrase
changes to the offer not allowed
Used especially in restaurants and shops to say that you cannot change items, swap ingredients, or ask for different options than those listed.
例文
- The lunch special comes as listed—sorry, no substitutions.
- The menu clearly states "no substitutions" for discounted items.
- Because of the fixed price, the chef allows no substitutions on this menu.
substitution cipher
1/sˌʌbstɪtˈuʃən sˈaɪfɚ/
fixed phrase
technical
code using symbol replacement
A simple code where each letter or group of letters in a message is always changed into another letter or group of letters.
例文
- The Caesar cipher is a basic substitution cipher.
- In a substitution cipher, frequency analysis can help break the code.
- The puzzle used a simple substitution cipher to hide the message.
substitution cipher
1/sˌʌbstɪtˈuʃən sˈaɪfɚ/
fixed phrase
replacement-based cipher
A code that hides a message by replacing each letter or symbol with another one.
例文
- The newspaper puzzle was a substitution cipher with a different symbol for every letter.
- Frequency analysis can help solve a simple substitution cipher.
- She created a substitution cipher for the escape-room clue.
substitution effect
1/sˌʌbstɪtˈuʃən ɪfˈɛkt/
fixed phrase
technical
demand change from price-driven switching
In economics, the way people change what they buy when the price of one good goes up or down compared to another, so they switch to the cheaper one.
例文
- Higher beef prices and stable chicken prices created a strong substitution effect.
- The substitution effect explains part of why demand curves slope downward.
- Economists separate the income effect and the substitution effect when analyzing consumer behavior.
substitution method
1/sˌʌbstɪtˈuʃən mˈɛθəd/
fixed phrase
technical
math method using substitution
A way to solve equations or other math problems by writing one variable in terms of another and putting that into the equation.
例文
- We’ll use the substitution method to solve this system of equations.
- For these integrals, the substitution method is usually faster than integration by parts.
- The teacher compared the substitution method with the elimination method.
substitution reaction
1/sˌʌbstɪtˈuʃən ɹiˈækʃən/
fixed phrase
technical
reaction replacing part of molecule
A type of chemical reaction where one part of a molecule is removed and another part is put in its place.
例文
- Bromination of alkanes is a classic substitution reaction.
- Students must be able to name products of a substitution reaction in this exam.
- This chapter focuses on nucleophilic substitution reactions.
substitution therapy
1/sˌʌbstɪtˈuʃən θˈɛɹəpi/
fixed phrase
technical
medical treatment replacing substances
A medical treatment in which doctors give a patient a substance, such as a hormone or medicine, to replace something important that the body does not have enough of.
例文
- Patients with this condition often require lifelong hormone substitution therapy.
- Nicotine substitution therapy can help people stop smoking.
- The clinic specializes in opioid substitution therapy programs.
u-substitution
1/jˈu sˌʌbstɪtˈuʃən/
fixed phrase
technical
calculus substitution with u
In calculus, a special kind of substitution method where you choose a part of an expression to be a new variable called "u" to make an integral easier to solve.
例文
- Many first-year calculus problems can be solved with u-substitution.
- The professor spent the whole lesson on u-substitution and basic integrals.
- Once you identify the inner function, u-substitution becomes straightforward.