Clauses and linking A2 B1

Zero and first conditionals

Talk about general results and real future possibilities with if, when, unless, and as long as.

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図解ガイド

Conditionals: general pattern or real future case

CONDITION  →  RESULT
        if / when / unless / as long as

GENERAL PATTERN
present condition  →  present result
If water gets hot enough, it boils.

REAL FUTURE CASE
present condition  →  future result
If it rains tomorrow, we'll stay inside.

Mental note:
will goes in the RESULT, not after if/when.

Use present after the condition word; choose present result for a general fact, or will/can/imperative for a real future result.

Introduction

Two useful conditionals

Conditionals connect a condition with a result. Zero conditionals talk about what generally happens, as in facts, habits, and rules. First conditionals talk about a real future possibility, such as a plan, warning, promise, or prediction. The condition clause often begins with if, but English also uses when, unless, and as long as. The key question is simple: are you describing a regular rule, or are you making a future decision based on a possible situation?

Core logic

Zero conditional: general result

Use the zero conditional for facts, rules, habits, instructions, and automatic results. The usual pattern is if or when plus present simple, then present simple. The result is not about one special future time; it feels repeatable. If and when are both possible, but when often suggests that the situation really happens or is expected to happen regularly. You can also reverse the order and put the result first. Negative conditions are normal and often useful for rules, warnings, and simple cause-and-effect statements.

Core 文法：A2 語彙：A2 Neutral

If water gets hot enough, it boils.

Zero conditional for a general fact.

意味のかたまり

単語ごとではなく、意味のかたまりで文を読んでみましょう。

If water gets hot enough

condition

sets a general condition

ひとまとまりで覚える

it boils

result

gives the regular result

Core 文法：A2 語彙：A2 Neutral

If I skip breakfast, I get hungry before lunch.

A personal habit or repeated result uses zero conditional.

意味のかたまり

単語ごとではなく、意味のかたまりで文を読んでみましょう。

If I skip breakfast

condition

states a regular condition

ひとまとまりで覚える

I get hungry before lunch

result

states the usual result

Core 文法：A2 語彙：A2 Neutral

When the office closes, the lights go off.

When can introduce a regular condition.

意味のかたまり

単語ごとではなく、意味のかたまりで文を読んでみましょう。

When the office closes

time_condition

uses when for something expected or regular

ひとまとまりで覚える

the lights go off

result

gives the regular result

Core 文法：A2 語彙：A2 Neutral

Ice melts if you leave it in the sun.

The result can come before the if-clause.

意味のかたまり

単語ごとではなく、意味のかたまりで文を読んでみましょう。

Ice melts

result

puts the general result first

if you leave it in the sun

condition

adds the condition after the result

ひとまとまりで覚える

Negative 文法：A2 語彙：A2 Neutral

If you don't water this plant, it dies.

Negative conditions are common in zero conditional.

意味のかたまり

単語ごとではなく、意味のかたまりで文を読んでみましょう。

If you don't water this plant

negative_condition

sets a negative condition

ひとまとまりで覚える

it dies

result

gives the general result

Core pattern

First conditional: real future possibility

Use the first conditional when the condition is real and possible, but the result is about now or the future. The condition clause normally uses a present form. The result clause often uses will or won’t, but it can also use an imperative for advice or instructions. In questions, will usually appears in the main question clause, not in the if-clause. This pattern is common for plans, offers, warnings, promises, and predictions. It sounds practical, not imaginary.

Core 文法：A2 語彙：A2 Neutral

If it rains tomorrow, we'll stay inside.

First conditional for a real future possibility.

意味のかたまり

単語ごとではなく、意味のかたまりで文を読んでみましょう。

If it rains tomorrow

condition

sets a real future possibility

ひとまとまりで覚える

we'll stay inside

result

gives the planned future result

Core 文法：A2 語彙：A2 Neutral

If the train is late, I'll call you.

First conditional with will in the result clause.

意味のかたまり

単語ごとではなく、意味のかたまりで文を読んでみましょう。

If the train is late

condition

sets a possible future situation

ひとまとまりで覚える

I'll call you

result

gives the future response

Core 文法：A2 語彙：A1 Neutral

If you need help, ask me.

The result clause can be an imperative.

意味のかたまり

単語ごとではなく、意味のかたまりで文を読んでみましょう。

If you need help

condition

sets a possible need

ひとまとまりで覚える

ask me

imperative_result

gives an instruction or offer

Negative 文法：A2 語彙：A2 Neutral

If we don't leave now, we won't get seats.

A first conditional can have a negative condition and a negative result.

意味のかたまり

単語ごとではなく、意味のかたまりで文を読んでみましょう。

If we don't leave now

negative_condition

sets a negative real condition

ひとまとまりで覚える

we won't get seats

negative_result

gives the negative future result

Question 文法：A2 語彙：A1 Neutral

What will you do if they say no?

In questions, will belongs in the main clause, not the if-clause.

意味のかたまり

単語ごとではなく、意味のかたまりで文を読んでみましょう。

What will you do

question_result

asks about the future result

ひとまとまりで覚える

if they say no

condition

sets the condition with present simple

Sentence xray

Sentence X-ray: condition plus result

In a conditional sentence, one clause names the condition and the other gives the result. When the condition comes first, a comma normally separates it from the result. When the result comes first, English usually uses no comma before the if-clause. This word order does not change the logic. Put the information you want to set up first. Starting with the condition is useful for planning or warning. Starting with the result is useful when the result is the main message.

Core 文法：A2 語彙：A1 Neutral

If the weather is good, we'll eat outside.

Condition first: use a comma before the main clause.

意味のかたまり

単語ごとではなく、意味のかたまりで文を読んでみましょう。

If the weather is good

condition

names the condition first

ひとまとまりで覚える

we'll eat outside

result

gives the future result

Core 文法：A2 語彙：A1 Neutral

We'll eat outside if the weather is good.

Result first: usually no comma before the if-clause.

意味のかたまり

単語ごとではなく、意味のかたまりで文を読んでみましょう。

We'll eat outside

result

puts the main result first

if the weather is good

condition

adds the condition after the result

ひとまとまりで覚える

Contrast

Contrast: general pattern or one future case

The closest confusion is zero conditional versus first conditional. Zero conditional says a general pattern; first conditional says one real possibility. A sentence with no special future time often describes a habit, rule, or fact. A sentence with tonight, tomorrow, later, next week, or another future time usually points to first conditional. The verb in the result changes the feeling: present simple gives a regular result, while will or won’t gives a future result.

Contrast 文法：A2 語彙：A2 Neutral

If I drink coffee late, I don't sleep well.

Zero conditional describes a general personal pattern.

意味のかたまり

単語ごとではなく、意味のかたまりで文を読んでみましょう。

If I drink coffee late

condition

sets a repeated condition

ひとまとまりで覚える

I don't sleep well

general_result

gives the usual result

Contrast 文法：A2 語彙：A2 Neutral

If I drink coffee late tonight, I won't sleep well.

First conditional describes one real future possibility.

意味のかたまり

単語ごとではなく、意味のかたまりで文を読んでみましょう。

If I drink coffee late tonight

condition

sets one possible situation tonight

ひとまとまりで覚える

I won't sleep well

future_result

gives the likely future result

Usage rules

If, when, unless, and as long as

Use if for an uncertain condition. Use when when you expect the event to happen. In future-time clauses after when, English still uses a present form, not will. Unless means if not, so it introduces a negative condition. As long as means only if or provided that; it sets a condition that must be true. These linkers can begin the sentence or come in the middle. The verb rule stays the same: present form in the condition or time clause, future or practical result in the main clause.

Core 文法：A2 語彙：A1 Neutral

When I get home, I'll text you.

After when with future meaning, use a present form in the time clause.

意味のかたまり

単語ごとではなく、意味のかたまりで文を読んでみましょう。

When I get home

expected_time_condition

uses when for an expected future time

ひとまとまりで覚える

I'll text you

future_result

gives the future action

Core 文法：A2 語彙：A2 Neutral

Unless traffic is terrible, we'll arrive by six.

Unless introduces the negative condition.

意味のかたまり

単語ごとではなく、意味のかたまりで文を読んでみましょう。

Unless traffic is terrible

negative_condition

means if traffic is not terrible

ひとまとまりで覚える

we'll arrive by six

result

gives the expected future result

Core 文法：A2 語彙：A2 Neutral

As long as you tell the truth, I won't be angry.

As long as sets a required condition.

意味のかたまり

単語ごとではなく、意味のかたまりで文を読んでみましょう。

As long as you tell the truth

necessary_condition

means only if you tell the truth

ひとまとまりで覚える

I won't be angry

result

gives the result if the condition is met

Danger zone

Danger zone: will in the wrong place

The most common error is using will inside the condition clause when you mean the future. In standard first conditional, the future meaning comes from the whole sentence, not from will after if, when, unless, or as long as. Keep will in the result clause, not the condition clause. Also be careful with unless: it already contains a negative idea. Do not add another negative unless you truly mean the opposite. In most everyday sentences, unless you have a reason is clearer than unless you don’t have a reason.

Mistake 文法：A2 語彙：A1 Neutral

If it will rain, we'll cancel.

Do not use will in the if-clause for a normal future condition.

Corrected 文法：A2 語彙：A1 Neutral

If it rains, we'll cancel.

Use present simple in the condition clause and will in the result clause.

意味のかたまり

単語ごとではなく、意味のかたまりで文を読んでみましょう。

If it rains

condition

uses present simple for the future condition

ひとまとまりで覚える

we'll cancel

future_result

keeps will in the result clause

Form variations

Common form variations

The condition clause is often present simple, but other present forms are possible when the meaning needs them. You can use a present continuous idea for something happening now, or a present perfect idea for something already completed. The result clause is flexible: will for prediction, can for possibility or permission, may or might for weaker possibility, and an imperative for advice or instructions. The logic stays the same: a real condition leads to a practical result.

Core 文法：A2 語彙：A1 Neutral

If you're busy, I can wait.

The result clause can use can instead of will.

意味のかたまり

単語ごとではなく、意味のかたまりで文を読んでみましょう。

If you're busy

condition

sets a real present condition

ひとまとまりで覚える

I can wait

possible_result

uses can for a possible response

Summary

The practical choice

Choose the zero conditional for general results: present condition, present result. Choose the first conditional for real future possibilities: present condition, future or practical result. Use if for uncertainty, when for expected timing, unless for if not, and as long as for only if. Remember the main boundary: do not use will in the condition clause for normal future meaning. Changing the clause order is fine; just use a comma when the condition comes first.

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Zero and first conditionals

Conditionals: general pattern or real future case

Two useful conditionals

Zero conditional: general result

意味のかたまり

意味のかたまり

意味のかたまり

意味のかたまり

意味のかたまり

First conditional: real future possibility

意味のかたまり

意味のかたまり

意味のかたまり

意味のかたまり

意味のかたまり

Sentence X-ray: condition plus result

意味のかたまり

意味のかたまり

Contrast: general pattern or one future case

意味のかたまり

意味のかたまり

If, when, unless, and as long as

意味のかたまり

意味のかたまり

意味のかたまり

Danger zone: will in the wrong place

意味のかたまり

Common form variations

意味のかたまり

The practical choice

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