aberration
gb/ˌæbɚˈeɪʃən/ us/ˌæbɚˈeɪʃən/
C1
Английский
anomália, rendellenesség, optikai aberráció, kiugró érték
СУЩЕСТВИТЕЛЬНОЕ
C1
FORMAL
1
anomália
C1
Модель употребления:
an aberration (from sth); an aberration in sth
The sudden drop in sales was an aberration caused by a one-time shipping delay.
Az eladások hirtelen visszaesése egy egyszeri szállítási késedelem okozta anomália volt.
Most reviewers loved the film, so the harsh critique seemed like an aberration.
A legtöbb kritikusnak tetszett a film, ezért a kemény hangú kritika anomáliának tűnt.
The team treated the incident as an aberration, not a sign of deeper problems.
Примеры для изучающих
His rude comment was an aberration; he is usually polite.
A goromba megjegyzése csak egy kilengés volt; általában udvarias.
We think this bad result is just an aberration.
Úgy gondoljuk, hogy ez a rossz eredmény csak egy anomália.
Частая ошибка:
Often confused with "abbreviation" because of similar spelling; "aberration" means a deviation, not a shortened form of a word.
Значение
unusual deviation from normal
Коллокации
a rare aberration
|a temporary aberration
|an aberration from the norm
|a moral aberration
|a genetic aberration
|dismiss it as an aberration
Синонимы
anomaly (general word for something unusual or unexpected)
|
deviation (emphasizes moving away from a standard or rule)
|
irregularity (suggests a lack of regular pattern or procedure)
|
exception (highlights that it does not follow the usual rule)
Антонимы
norm (what is usual or standard)
|
regularity (consistent, expected pattern)
Темы
daily_life
Определение
something strange or unusual compared with what is normal
Something that differs markedly from what is normal, expected, or typical; an anomaly.
СУЩЕСТВИТЕЛЬНОЕ
C2
TECHNICAL
2
Модель употребления:
aberration in a lens/optical system; reduce/correct aberration
The engineer adjusted the lens design to reduce aberration at the edges of the frame.
A mérnök módosította a lencse tervét, hogy csökkentse a képszéleken fellépő optikai aberrációt.
Cheap lenses often show noticeable aberration in high-contrast scenes.
Az olcsó objektívek nagy kontrasztú jelenetekben gyakran jól látható optikai aberrációt mutatnak.
Примеры для изучающих
This camera lens has less aberration, so photos look sharper.
Ennek a fényképezőgép-objektívnek kisebb az optikai aberrációja, ezért a fotók élesebbek.
Значение
optical defect causing distortion
Коллокации
lens aberration
|optical aberration
|minimize aberration
|correct aberration
|image aberration
Синонимы
distortion (broader term for a warped or inaccurate image)
|
blur (focuses on loss of sharpness rather than the optical cause)
Антонимы
correction (removal of optical error through design or processing)
|
sharpness (clear focus without noticeable optical error)
Темы
technical
Определение
a problem in a lens that makes an image unclear
A defect in an optical system (such as a lens or mirror) that causes an image to be blurred, distorted, or wrongly focused.
СУЩЕСТВИТЕЛЬНОЕ
C2
TECHNICAL
3
kiugró érték
B2
Модель употребления:
an aberration in the data/results
Analysts flagged the spike as an aberration and checked for reporting errors.
Az elemzők a kiugrást kiugró értéknek tekintették, és ellenőrizték, hogy nincs-e jelentési hiba.
One aberration in the dataset can strongly affect the average.
Egyetlen kiugró érték az adathalmazban erősen befolyásolhatja az átlagot.
Примеры для изучающих
The high value was an aberration, so we reviewed the measurement.
A magas érték kiugró érték volt, ezért felülvizsgáltuk a mérést.
Частая ошибка:
In data contexts, "aberration" often implies the point may not represent the true pattern; avoid using it for every small difference.
Значение
outlier in a dataset
Коллокации
a data aberration
|an aberration in the results
|treat it as an aberration
|filter out aberrations
Синонимы
outlier (standard statistical term for an unusually distant data point)
|
anomaly (general term; less technical than "outlier")
Антонимы
trend (the general direction shown by most of the data)
|
pattern (consistent behavior across observations)
Темы
business
Определение
a result that is very different from the others
A data point or result that differs greatly from the rest and may be due to error or an unusual factor.
Грамматика
Словарная форма
aberration
IPA
GB/ˌæbɚˈeɪʃən/
US/ˌæbɚˈeɪʃən/
Слоги и ударение
ab - er - ra - tion (4 слога)
Stress on 2nd syllable (er)
Формы слова
Noun
- Base: aberration
- Plural: aberration, aberrations
Родственные слова
Forms
aberrations
noun
Core family
aberrant
adjective
Related words
abnormality
noun C1
deviation
noun B2
Advanced or less common
aberrantly
adverb
Выражения
aberration from the norm
1/ˌæbɚˈeɪʃən fɹˈʌm ðə nˈɔɹm/
fixed phrase
formal
unusual exception to the usual
something that does not match what usually happens
Примеры
- Management insisted the outage was an aberration from the norm and would not happen again.
- Her low score was an aberration from the norm; she typically performs well.
Примеры для изучающих
- This delay is an aberration from the norm for this airline.
chromatic aberration
1/kɹəmətɪk ˌæbɚˈeɪʃən/
fixed phrase
technical
color fringing from lens error
a lens problem that makes unwanted color edges in a photo
Примеры
- The photo shows chromatic aberration as purple fringes around the window frame.
- The new lens coating helps reduce chromatic aberration in bright scenes.
Примеры для изучающих
- I removed chromatic aberration in editing to fix the colored edges.
spherical aberration
1/sfˈɛɹɪkəl ˌæbɚˈeɪʃən/
fixed phrase
technical
blur from spherical lens shape
a lens problem that makes the image less sharp
Примеры
- The telescope mirror was redesigned to correct spherical aberration.
- Spherical aberration can make the center of the image look soft even when it is in focus.