bum
gb/bˈʌm/ us/bˈʌm/
B1
Английский
fenék, csöves, naplopó, lejmol, pocsék, rossz
СУЩЕСТВИТЕЛЬНОЕ
B1
INFORMAL
1
fenék
A2
Модель употребления:
on [someone]'s bum
I slipped on the ice and landed on my bum.
Megcsúsztam a jégen, és a fenekemre estem.
The bike seat made my bum sore after an hour.
Egy óra után fájt a fenekem a bicikliüléstől.
He plopped down on his bum and refused to move.
Примеры для изучающих
I fell on my bum.
A fenekemre estem.
My bum hurts from sitting.
Fáj a fenekem az üléstől.
Частая ошибка:
Don’t use this word in very formal situations; use “buttocks” instead.
Значение
the buttocks
Коллокации
sit on your bum
|fall on your bum
|land on your bum
|get off your bum
|kick in the bum
|pain in my bum
|cold bum
Синонимы
butt (Very common and informal, especially in American English.)
|
backside (Slightly more polite and common in British English.)
|
rear (More neutral/euphemistic.)
Темы
body
|daily_life
Определение
the two round parts you sit on
A person’s buttocks.
СУЩЕСТВИТЕЛЬНОЕ
B2
SLANG
2
csöves
B2
Модель употребления:
a bum (on/at/by [place])
He used to call anyone sleeping outside a bum, which I thought was harsh.
Régebben mindenkit, aki kint aludt, csövesnek nevezett, amit én durvának tartottam.
People complained about bums hanging around the station.
Az emberek panaszkodtak, hogy csövesek lézengenek az állomás környékén.
A bum asked me for spare change outside the store.
Примеры для изучающих
A homeless man asked for money.
Egy hajléktalan férfi pénzt kért.
Частая ошибка:
Because it can sound insulting, use “homeless person” in polite conversation.
Значение
a homeless person
Коллокации
a street bum
|a bum on the corner
|a bum in the park
|drunks and bums
Синонимы
homeless person (Neutral and preferred in polite speech.)
|
vagrant (More formal and less insulting.)
Антонимы
homeowner (Opposite in terms of having stable housing.)
Темы
society
|people
Определение
a homeless person (can sound rude)
A homeless person who lives by begging or sleeping in public places; often used as a negative label and can be offensive.
СУЩЕСТВИТЕЛЬНОЕ
B2
SLANG
3
naplopó
B2
Модель употребления:
a bum
Stop being a bum and help with the dishes.
Ne légy már naplopó, inkább segíts mosogatni.
He called his brother a bum for never keeping a job.
Naplopónak nevezte a bátyját, amiért az sosem tudott megtartani egy állást.
I felt like a bum after sleeping until noon.
Примеры для изучающих
Don’t be a bum.
Ne légy naplopó.
Частая ошибка:
This is usually an insult; avoid using it to describe people you don’t know well.
Значение
a lazy, worthless person
Коллокации
lazy bum
|a total bum
|such a bum
|don’t be a bum
|acting like a bum
Синонимы
slacker (Less harsh; focuses on avoiding work.)
|
deadbeat (Stronger; suggests not paying debts or supporting family.)
Антонимы
hard worker (A person who works diligently.)
|
go-getter (Someone energetic and ambitious.)
Темы
people
|work
|emotions
Определение
a lazy person (insult)
A lazy or irresponsible person, especially someone who does not work and relies on others; an insult.
ГЛАГОЛ
B2
INFORMAL
4
lejmol
B2
Модель употребления:
bum [something] (off [someone])
Can I bum a cigarette off you?
Lejmolhatok tőled egy cigit?
He’s always bumming money from his roommates.
Állandóan pénzt lejmol a lakótársaitól.
We forgot lunch, so we bummed some chips from a friend.
Примеры для изучающих
Can I bum a ride?
El tudnál vinni?
Частая ошибка:
In this sense, “bum” is about getting things free; it doesn’t mean “sit down.”
Значение
get something for free
Коллокации
bum a cigarette
|bum a smoke
|bum some cash
|bum a few bucks
|bum a ride
|bum a beer
|bum food
|bum money off a friend
Синонимы
cadge (More British-sounding; slightly literary/old-fashioned.)
|
scrounge (Often implies repeatedly getting things free.)
|
mooch (Suggests taking advantage of others; more negative.)
Антонимы
buy (To pay for something.)
|
pay (To give money in exchange.)
Темы
daily_life
|social
|money
Определение
to ask for and get something without paying
To get something from someone for free, usually by asking or borrowing casually.
B2
INFORMAL
5
pocsék
B1
Модель употребления:
a bum [noun]
We had a bum time because it rained the whole weekend.
Pocsékul telt a hétvégénk, mert végig esett az eső.
Missing the train was bum luck.
Pech volt, hogy lekéstük a vonatot.
That’s a bum excuse for being late.
Примеры для изучающих
It was a bum day.
Pocsék nap volt.
Частая ошибка:
This meaning is common in American English (e.g., “bum luck”). It does not mean “homeless” here.
Значение
bad or disappointing
Коллокации
bum luck
|bum deal
|bum trip
|bum experience
|a bum day
|a bum choice
Синонимы
lousy (Very common informal synonym.)
|
crummy (Similar meaning; casual, often American.)
|
rotten (Stronger and more emotional.)
Антонимы
great (Very good; enjoyable.)
|
excellent (Very high quality.)
Темы
emotions
|daily_life
Определение
bad; not good
Bad, disappointing, or unpleasant.
B2
INFORMAL
6
rossz
A1
Модель употребления:
a bum [body part/thing]
I can’t run right now—I’ve got a bum knee.
Most nem tudok futni – rossz a térdem.
The car wouldn’t start because it had a bum battery.
Az autó nem indult, mert rossz volt az akkumulátora.
She sat out the game with a bum ankle.
Примеры для изучающих
I have a bum knee.
Rossz a térdem.
Частая ошибка:
Often used before a noun (e.g., “a bum knee,” “a bum printer”).
Значение
injured or not working
Коллокации
bum knee
|bum leg
|bum shoulder
|bum ankle
|bum arm
|a bum back
|a bum engine
|a bum phone
Синонимы
bad (More general; less vivid.)
|
injured (More formal; used mainly for people/body parts.)
|
broken (Stronger; suggests it doesn’t work at all.)
Антонимы
healthy (Not injured; in good condition.)
|
working (Functioning properly (for machines/things).)
Темы
health
|daily_life
Определение
hurt or broken; not working well
Injured, or not working properly.
Грамматика
Словарная форма
bum
IPA
GB/bˈʌm/
US/bˈʌm/
Слоги и ударение
bum (1 слог)
Stress on 1st syllable (bum)
Формы слова
Adjective
- Base: bum
Noun
- Base: bum
- Plural: bums
Verb
- Base: bum
- 3rd Person Singular: bums
- Present Participle: bumming
- Past: bummed
Родственные слова
Forms
bums
noun
bumming
verb
bummed
verb
Core family
bummer
noun
Выражения
bum a ride
1/bˈʌm ə ɹˈaɪd/
fixed phrase
informal
get a free ride
to ask someone to drive you for free
Примеры
- Can I bum a ride to the station?
- We bummed a ride from a coworker after the party.
- He always tries to bum a ride instead of taking the bus.
Примеры для изучающих
- Can I bum a ride?
bum around
1/bˈʌm ɚˈaʊnd/
phrasal verb
informal
spend time doing nothing
to relax and do nothing in particular
Примеры
- We bummed around the house all weekend.
- After finals, he just wanted to bum around for a few days.
- They spent the afternoon bumming around downtown.
Примеры для изучающих
- I want to bum around this weekend.
bum deal
1/bˈʌm dˈil/
fixed phrase
informal
an unfair outcome
a situation that is unfair to someone
Примеры
- She got a bum deal and ended up doing all the work.
- It’s a bum deal, but we can’t change the policy.
- Getting fined for that felt like a bum deal.
Примеры для изучающих
- That’s a bum deal.
bum out
1/bˈʌm ˈaʊt/
phrasal verb
informal
make someone feel sad
to make someone feel unhappy; to feel unhappy
Примеры
- The cancellation really bummed me out.
- Don’t let one bad comment bum you out.
- She was bummed out about missing the concert.
Примеры для изучающих
- I’m bummed out today.
bum rap
1/bˈʌm ɹˈæp/
fixed phrase
informal
an unfair accusation
unfair blame
Примеры
- That restaurant gets a bum rap—it’s actually pretty good.
- He took a bum rap for something he didn’t do.
- Small cars sometimes get a bum rap for being unsafe.
bum steer
1/bˈʌm stˈɪɹ/
fixed phrase
informal
misleading advice
advice that is wrong and confusing
Примеры
- Someone gave me a bum steer, and I ended up at the wrong office.
- I’m not saying she lied—maybe she just got a bum steer too.
- The online directions were a bum steer.
get off your bum
1/ɡˈɛt ˈɔf jˈʊɹ bˈʌm/
idiom
informal
stop being lazy
start doing something; don’t be lazy
Примеры
- Get off your bum and help me carry these boxes.
- I finally got off my bum and cleaned the kitchen.
- If you want the job, you need to get off your bum and apply.
Примеры для изучающих
- Get off your bum and study.