fluency
gb/flˈuənsi/ us/flˈuənsi/
B2
Английский
folyékony nyelvtudás, gördülékenység, jártasság, készségszintű tudás, könnyedség, beszédfluencia, feldolgozási fluencia
СУЩЕСТВИТЕЛЬНОЕ
B2
1
Модель употребления:
fluency in [a language]
After a year abroad, her fluency in Italian improved dramatically.
Egy külföldön töltött év után sokkal folyékonyabban beszélt olaszul.
The job requires fluency in both English and Mandarin.
A munkakörhöz folyékony angol- és mandarintudás szükséges.
He speaks with impressive fluency for someone who started learning last year.
Примеры для изучающих
I want fluency in English.
Szeretnék folyékonyan beszélni angolul.
Practice every day to improve your fluency.
Gyakorolj minden nap, hogy javuljon a nyelvi folyékonyságod.
Частая ошибка:
Fluency mainly means speaking smoothly; it does not always mean perfect grammar or a native accent.
Значение
ability to use a language smoothly
Коллокации
achieve fluency
|gain fluency
|develop fluency
|native-like fluency
|oral fluency
|spoken fluency
|written fluency
|fluency in English
|fluency in Spanish
|a high level of fluency
Синонимы
proficiency (Broader; includes overall skill, not just smoothness.)
|
command (Emphasizes control over a language.)
Антонимы
hesitancy (Highlights frequent pauses or uncertainty.)
|
disfluency (The opposite of smooth, continuous speech.)
Темы
language_learning
|education
|communication
Определение
the ability to speak a language easily and well
The ability to speak or write a language easily, smoothly, and accurately.
СУЩЕСТВИТЕЛЬНОЕ
C1
2
Модель употребления:
with fluency; [someone]'s fluency
She answered the questions with fluency and calm.
Nyugodtan és gördülékenyen válaszolt a kérdésekre.
The essay has fluency but needs stronger evidence.
Az esszé gördülékeny, de erősebb bizonyítékokra van szükség benne.
His fluency dropped when he started reading from notes.
Примеры для изучающих
She speaks with fluency.
Gördülékenyen beszél.
My writing needs more fluency.
Az írásomnak gördülékenyebbnek kell lennie.
Частая ошибка:
Do not use *fluency* to mean 'confidence' alone; it focuses on smooth, easy expression.
Значение
smooth, effortless speaking or writing
Коллокации
speak with fluency
|write with fluency
|ease and fluency
|clarity and fluency
|fluency of style
|fluency of expression
|fluency and precision
|a lack of fluency
|improve fluency
|natural fluency
Синонимы
smoothness (More general; can apply to many things beyond language.)
|
articulateness (Focuses on clear expression of ideas.)
Антонимы
awkwardness (Emphasizes clumsy, unnatural expression.)
|
haltingness (Emphasizes frequent stops and starts.)
Темы
communication
|writing
|public_speaking
Определение
speaking or writing smoothly and easily
Smoothness and ease in speaking or writing, with few awkward pauses or errors.
СУЩЕСТВИТЕЛЬНОЕ
C1
3
jártasság
C1
Модель употребления:
fluency with [a skill/task]; fluency in [a skill area]
Regular practice helped her build fluency with mental arithmetic.
A rendszeres gyakorlás segített, hogy jártasságot szerezzen a fejben számolásban.
The course focuses on fluency before introducing more complex problems.
A tanfolyam először a készségszintű tudás kialakítására összpontosít, és csak utána vezet be bonyolultabb feladatokat.
He has fluency on the keyboard, so he types without looking.
Примеры для изучающих
I need more fluency in math.
Nagyobb jártasságra van szükségem matematikából.
Practice helps me get fluency.
A gyakorlás segít jártasságot szerezni.
Частая ошибка:
In education, *fluency* can apply to skills like math or typing, not only to languages.
Значение
quick, accurate performance of a skill
Коллокации
math fluency
|reading fluency
|computational fluency
|build fluency
|develop fluency
|fluency with numbers
|fluency with multiplication facts
|automaticity and fluency
|practice for fluency
|fluency drills
Синонимы
mastery (Often implies a higher, more complete level of skill.)
|
automaticity (Technical term emphasizing doing something without conscious effort.)
Антонимы
clumsiness (Suggests uncoordinated or error-prone performance.)
|
difficulty (General lack of ease in performing the skill.)
Темы
education
|skills
|learning
Определение
doing a skill easily and correctly
The ability to perform a learned skill quickly, accurately, and with little conscious effort.
СУЩЕСТВИТЕЛЬНОЕ
C1
4
könnyedség
B2
Модель употребления:
fluency of [movement/action]
With training, she regained the fluency of her movements.
Edzéssel visszanyerte mozdulatainak könnyedségét.
The pianist played with fluency and control.
A zongorista könnyedséggel és nagy kontrollal játszott.
His fluency on the field makes the game look effortless.
Примеры для изучающих
The dancer moved with fluency.
A táncos könnyedséggel mozgott.
Practice gave him more fluency.
A gyakorlás nagyobb könnyedséget adott neki.
Частая ошибка:
This sense is less common than language fluency; it is often used in arts and sports contexts.
Значение
smooth, graceful movement or performance
Коллокации
fluency of movement
|fluency of motion
|fluency and grace
|fluency and control
|fluency in dance
|fluency on the court
|fluency in performance
|loss of fluency
|fluidity and fluency
|natural fluency
Синонимы
fluidity (Very close; emphasizes continuous, flowing motion.)
|
grace (Adds a sense of elegance.)
Антонимы
stiffness (Lack of smooth, free movement.)
|
jerkiness (Movement that is uneven and stop-start.)
Темы
sports
|arts
|performance
Определение
moving easily and smoothly
Smoothness, grace, and ease in physical movement or in carrying out an activity.
СУЩЕСТВИТЕЛЬНОЕ
C2
TECHNICAL
5
Модель употребления:
assess [someone]'s fluency; fluency therapy
The clinician assessed his fluency during conversation and reading.
A szakember beszélgetés és felolvasás közben is felmérte a beszédfluenciáját.
Fluency improved after several weeks of therapy.
Többheti terápia után javult a beszédfluenciája.
Stress can reduce fluency and increase speech blocks.
Примеры для изучающих
The therapist checked his fluency.
A terapeuta ellenőrizte a beszédfluenciáját.
Частая ошибка:
In this field, *fluency* is about speech flow (e.g., stuttering), not about vocabulary size or grammar knowledge.
Значение
continuity of speech in therapy
Коллокации
speech fluency
|fluency disorder
|fluency shaping
|fluency therapy
|assess fluency
|measure fluency
|fluency breaks
|stuttering and fluency
|fluency techniques
|increase fluency
Синонимы
speech flow (Plain-language description used in explanations.)
Антонимы
stuttering (A common cause of disrupted fluency.)
|
disfluency (General term for interruptions in speech flow.)
Темы
health
|speech
|therapy
Определение
how smooth a person’s speech is (medical use)
In speech-language pathology, the degree to which speech flows without disruptions such as repetitions, prolongations, or blocks.
СУЩЕСТВИТЕЛЬНОЕ
C2
TECHNICAL
6
Модель употребления:
increase fluency; reduce fluency; perceptual fluency
Clear fonts can increase fluency and make a message feel more trustworthy.
A jól olvasható betűtípusok növelhetik a feldolgozási fluenciát, és megbízhatóbbnak éreztethetik az üzenetet.
When fluency is low, people often slow down and question what they are reading.
Amikor alacsony a feldolgozási fluencia, az emberek gyakran lelassítanak, és megkérdőjelezik az olvasottakat.
Researchers studied how fluency influences decisions under time pressure.
Частая ошибка:
This sense is usually discussed in psychology; in everyday English, people more often say something is 'easy to process' or 'easy to understand.'
Значение
ease of mental processing
Коллокации
processing fluency
|perceptual fluency
|cognitive fluency
|increase fluency
|reduce fluency
|fluency effects
|fluency-based judgments
|ease and fluency
|fluency heuristic
|low fluency
Синонимы
ease of processing (More explicit, less jargon.)
Антонимы
cognitive strain (The opposite feeling of effortful processing.)
|
difficulty (General lack of ease in understanding.)
Темы
psychology
|communication
|marketing
Определение
how easy something is to understand (technical use)
The subjective ease with which information is processed, which can influence judgments such as familiarity, truth, or preference.
Грамматика
Словарная форма
fluency
IPA
GB/flˈuənsi/
US/flˈuənsi/
Слоги и ударение
flu - ency (2 слога)
Stress on 1st syllable (flu)
Формы слова
Noun
- Base: fluency
- Plural: fluencies, fluency
Родственные слова
Выражения
fluency disorder
1/flˈuənsi dɪsˈɔɹdɚ/
fixed phrase
technical
condition affecting speech flow
a speech problem that stops smooth talking
Примеры
- He was diagnosed with a fluency disorder in early childhood.
- The clinic specializes in treating fluency disorders.
- A fluency disorder can affect confidence in social situations.
native-like fluency
1/nˈeɪtɪv lˈaɪk flˈuənsi/
fixed phrase
fluency similar to a native speaker
speaking very fluently, like a native speaker
Примеры
- It took years of immersion to reach native-like fluency.
- Her native-like fluency makes her sound completely natural in meetings.
- He has native-like fluency, but he still makes occasional spelling mistakes.
Примеры для изучающих
- She has native-like fluency.
oral fluency
1/ˈɔɹəl flˈuənsi/
fixed phrase
smooth, natural spoken language
speaking smoothly and easily
Примеры
- Conversation classes are designed to build oral fluency.
- The exam includes a speaking section that tests oral fluency.
- She has strong grammar but still needs more oral fluency.
Примеры для изучающих
- This course helps oral fluency.
processing fluency
1/pɹˈɑsɛsɪŋ flˈuənsi/
fixed phrase
technical
how easily information is processed
how easy something is for the brain to understand
Примеры
- Simple layouts increase processing fluency and reduce confusion.
- Low processing fluency can make a true statement feel less believable.
- The study manipulated processing fluency by changing font clarity.
reading fluency
1/ɹˈidɪŋ flˈuənsi/
fixed phrase
reading smoothly with good pace
reading easily, correctly, and smoothly
Примеры
- Daily practice helped improve his reading fluency.
- Teachers often measure reading fluency with timed passages.
- Her reading fluency increased as her vocabulary grew.
Примеры для изучающих
- I want better reading fluency.
verbal fluency
1/vˈɚbəl flˈuənsi/
fixed phrase
technical
ease and speed of speaking
How easily and quickly a person can say many words correctly.
Примеры
- The test is designed to measure verbal fluency in older adults.
- Bilingual speakers sometimes show higher verbal fluency in one language.
verbal fluency
1/vˈɚbəl flˈuənsi/
fixed phrase
technical
ability to produce words quickly
quickly finding and saying words (often in tests)
Примеры
- The neurologist used a verbal fluency task to assess language function.
- Stress and fatigue can reduce verbal fluency.
- Participants completed a verbal fluency test in under two minutes.