gall
gb/ɡˈɔl/ us/ɡˈɔl/
B2
Английский
pofátlanság, szemtelenség, bosszant, bánt, epe, feltörés, kidörzsöl, feltör, gubacs, epésség
СУЩЕСТВИТЕЛЬНОЕ
B2
INFORMAL
1
pofátlanság
B2
szemtelenség
B2
Модель употребления:
(the) gall (to do [something])
He had the gall to complain about the service after arriving an hour late.
Volt pofája panaszkodni a kiszolgálás miatt, miután egy órát késett.
The gall of that man—he cut in line and acted like it was normal.
Micsoda pofátlanság attól a férfitól: befurakodott a sorba, és úgy tett, mintha ez teljesen normális lenne.
I can’t believe the gall it takes to ask for money after what happened.
Примеры для изучающих
She had the gall to lie to me.
Volt pofája hazudni nekem.
That takes a lot of gall.
Ehhez aztán nagy pofátlanság kell.
Частая ошибка:
Learners may confuse this with the medical meaning (bile). In this sense, it usually appears as 'the gall' or 'have the gall'.
Значение
rude boldness; nerve
Коллокации
the sheer gall
|have the gall
|the gall to say
|the gall to ask
|what a gall
|the nerve
|unbelievable gall
Синонимы
nerve (Very common and casual.)
|
audacity (Slightly more formal.)
|
cheek (Common in British English.)
Антонимы
humility (Lack of arrogance or bold rudeness.)
|
modesty (Not pushing yourself forward.)
Темы
emotions
|social_interaction
Определение
When someone has the gall, they are rude and too confident.
Rude or shocking boldness in what someone says or does; impudent audacity.
ГЛАГОЛ
C1
2
Модель употребления:
It galls [someone] (that [clause])
It galls me that she took credit for my work.
Bosszant, hogy a sajátjának tüntette fel a munkámat.
It galled him to be treated like a beginner.
Bántotta, hogy úgy bántak vele, mintha kezdő lenne.
What galls me most is that they never apologized.
Примеры для изучающих
It galls me when people are rude.
Bosszant, amikor az emberek udvariatlanok.
Частая ошибка:
This verb is often used with 'it' as the subject: 'It galls me that...'.
Значение
make someone feel angry
Коллокации
it galls me
|galls him to
|galls her that
|galls them deeply
|galls someone to think
Синонимы
annoy (More general and common.)
|
irritate (Often suggests repeated or strong annoyance.)
|
offend (Focuses on feeling insulted.)
Антонимы
please (To give satisfaction rather than anger.)
|
delight (Stronger positive feeling.)
Темы
emotions
|conflict
Определение
If something galls you, it makes you angry or upset.
To annoy, offend, or upset someone, especially because something seems unfair or insulting.
СУЩЕСТВИТЕЛЬНОЕ
B2
TECHNICAL
3
epe
B2
Модель употребления:
[someone] produces gall
The liver produces gall to help break down fats.
A máj epét termel, amely segít lebontani a zsírokat.
Problems with gall flow can affect digestion.
Az epeáramlás zavarai befolyásolhatják az emésztést.
Примеры для изучающих
The gall helps the body digest food.
Az epe segít a szervezetnek megemészteni az ételt.
Частая ошибка:
Often confused with 'gallbladder' (the organ) and 'gallstone' (a hard stone).
Значение
bitter digestive fluid
Коллокации
bile and gall
|secrete gall
|gall secretion
|gall salts
Синонимы
bile (The more common everyday term.)
Темы
health
|body
|medicine
Определение
Gall is a bitter liquid in the body that helps digest food.
A bitter fluid produced by the liver and stored in the gallbladder, used in digestion.
СУЩЕСТВИТЕЛЬНОЕ
C1
TECHNICAL
4
feltörés
B2
Модель употребления:
a gall on [body_part]
The saddle left a painful gall on the horse’s back.
A nyereg fájdalmas feltörést okozott a ló hátán.
After the long hike, he had a gall on his heel where his boot rubbed.
A hosszú túra után kidörzsölődött a sarka ott, ahol a csizma dörzsölte.
Примеры для изучающих
My shoes gave me a gall on my foot.
A cipőm feltörte a lábamat.
Частая ошибка:
This is not the same as a blister, though they can look similar; a gall is linked to chafing/rubbing.
Значение
sore spot from rubbing
Коллокации
saddle gall
|a gall on the heel
|a gall on the neck
|rubbed into a gall
Синонимы
chafing sore (Explains the cause directly.)
|
raw spot (More general and less technical.)
Темы
health
|daily_life
|sports
Определение
A gall is a sore on the skin caused by rubbing.
A sore place on the skin caused by rubbing, especially from clothing, a saddle, or repeated friction.
ГЛАГОЛ
C1
5
Модель употребления:
[something] galls [someone]'s [body_part]
The seam galled her skin all day.
A varrás egész nap kidörzsölte a bőrét.
His backpack straps galled his shoulders on the climb.
A mászás közben a hátizsák pántjai kidörzsölték a vállát.
Примеры для изучающих
These socks gall my ankle.
Ezek a zoknik kidörzsölik a bokámat.
Частая ошибка:
Don’t confuse this physical meaning with 'It galls me' (= it annoys me). Context usually makes it clear.
Значение
rub and make skin sore
Коллокации
shoes gall my feet
|a collar galled his neck
|gall the skin
|galls badly
Синонимы
chafe (More common for skin rubbing.)
|
rub raw (More informal and descriptive.)
Антонимы
soothe (To reduce pain or irritation instead of causing it.)
Темы
health
|daily_life
Определение
If something galls you, it rubs your skin and makes it sore.
To rub against the skin repeatedly and cause soreness.
СУЩЕСТВИТЕЛЬНОЕ
C1
TECHNICAL
6
gubacs
C1
Модель употребления:
a gall on [plant]
The oak leaves were covered in small, round galls.
A tölgy leveleit apró, kerek gubacsok borították.
Scientists studied the insect that causes the gall to form.
A tudósok azt a rovart vizsgálták, amely a gubacs kialakulását okozza.
Примеры для изучающих
I saw galls on the leaves.
Gubacsokat láttam a leveleken.
Частая ошибка:
This meaning is unrelated to 'the gall' (= nerve).
Значение
swelling on a plant
Коллокации
oak gall
|leaf gall
|insect gall
|gall formation
|galls on leaves
Синонимы
plant swelling (Plain descriptive wording.)
Темы
nature
|plants
|science
Определение
A gall is a lump that grows on a plant, often because of an insect.
An abnormal swelling or growth on a plant, often caused by an insect or other parasite.
СУЩЕСТВИТЕЛЬНОЕ
C2
LITERARY
7
epésség
C1
Модель употребления:
filled with gall; speak with gall
His letter was full of gall and accusation.
Levele tele volt epésséggel és vádaskodással.
She spoke with gall about the people who had betrayed her.
Epésséggel beszélt azokról, akik elárulták.
Частая ошибка:
This is much less common in everyday speech than 'anger' or 'resentment'.
Значение
bitter resentment
Коллокации
filled with gall
|pour out gall
|speak with gall
|bitter gall
Синонимы
resentment (More common in modern English.)
|
bitterness (Focuses on a harsh, lasting feeling.)
Антонимы
goodwill (A friendly, kind attitude rather than bitterness.)
Темы
emotions
|communication
Определение
Gall can mean bitter anger or resentment.
A feeling of bitter anger or resentment, especially when expressed in speech or writing.
Грамматика
Словарная форма
gall
IPA
GB/ɡˈɔl/
US/ɡˈɔl/
Слоги и ударение
gall (1 слог)
Stress on 1st syllable (gall)
Формы слова
Noun
- Base: gall
- Plural: gall, galls
Verb
- Base: gall
- 3rd Person Singular: galls
- Present Participle: galling
- Past: galled
Родственные слова
Forms
galls
noun
galling
verb
galled
verb
Related words
gallbladder
noun
gallstone
noun C1
Выражения
gall and wormwood
1/ɡˈɔl ˈænd wˈɚmwˌʊd/
fixed phrase
literary
extreme bitterness or misery
Something that feels very bitter and painful.
Примеры
- The memory of that defeat was gall and wormwood to him.
- For her, the whole episode was gall and wormwood.
gall bladder
1/ɡˈɔl blˈædɚ/
fixed phrase
technical
organ that stores bile
The gall bladder is a small organ that stores bile.
Примеры
- She had surgery to remove her gall bladder.
- The gall bladder releases bile after you eat fatty food.
Примеры для изучающих
- The doctor checked my gall bladder.
gallstone
1/ɡˈɔlstˌoʊn/
fixed phrase
technical
hard stone in gallbladder
A gallstone is a small hard stone that forms in the gallbladder.
Примеры
- He went to the hospital with severe pain caused by a gallstone.
- An ultrasound showed several gallstones.
have the gall (to do something)
1/hˈæv ðə ɡˈɔl tə dˈu sˈʌmθɪŋ/
idiom
informal
be rude enough to do
To do something even though it is very rude.
Примеры
- She had the gall to tell me to calm down after she started the argument.
- He has the gall to call himself a team player.
- They had the gall to raise prices while cutting service.
Примеры для изучающих
- He had the gall to blame me.
the gall of it!
1/ðə ɡˈɔl əv ˈɪt ‖/
fixed phrase
informal
exclamation of rude nerve
You say this when someone is very rude.
Примеры
- The gall of it—he borrowed my car and returned it with an empty tank!
- The gall of that politician, pretending nothing happened.