outbreak
gb/ˈaʊtbɹˌeɪk/ us/ˈaʊtbɹˌeɪk/
B2
Английский
~ 7900
járvány, kitörés, hullám
СУЩЕСТВИТЕЛЬНОЕ
B2
1
járvány
B1
Модель употребления:
an outbreak of [disease] in [a place]
Health officials are working to contain a measles outbreak in the region.
Az egészségügyi hatóságok azon dolgoznak, hogy megfékezzék a régióban terjedő kanyarójárványt.
The city declared a state of emergency after an outbreak of cholera.
A város szükségállapotot hirdetett a kolerajárvány kitörése után.
A small food poisoning outbreak was traced back to a local restaurant.
Vaccination helped prevent a major outbreak of the virus.
The report warned that crowded camps could lead to a serious disease outbreak.
Примеры для изучающих
There was an outbreak of flu at my school.
Influenzajárvány tört ki az iskolámban.
Doctors moved quickly to stop the outbreak.
Az orvosok gyorsan intézkedtek, hogy megfékezzék a járványt.
The outbreak started in a small village.
People were afraid because the outbreak spread fast.
The news talked about an outbreak in the capital city.
Частая ошибка:
Learners sometimes try to use *outbreak* as a verb (e.g., *The disease outbreaked last year*). This is incorrect; *outbreak* is a noun. Use a structure like *The disease broke out last year* or *There was an outbreak last year*. Learners may also confuse *outbreak* with *infection*: *infection* is the state of being infected, while *outbreak* is the event when many infections suddenly happen.
Значение
sudden start and spread of disease
Коллокации
disease outbreak
|virus outbreak
|outbreak of [disease]
|control an outbreak
|contain an outbreak
|trace an outbreak
Синонимы
epidemic (Usually suggests a larger or longer-lasting spread of disease over a wider area; often used more technically.)
|
flare-up (Less formal and can sound milder; often used for a return or sudden increase of a disease rather than a first appearance.)
Антонимы
containment (Refers to successfully stopping or limiting the spread of a disease, which is the opposite of an outbreak continuing or growing.)
|
eradication (Means completely removing a disease from an area or the world, the long-term opposite of a new outbreak.)
Темы
health
|science
|public life
|core_vocabulary
Определение
A time when a disease suddenly appears and spreads quickly in one area or group of people.
A sudden start and rapid spread of an infectious disease in a specific place or group of people.
СУЩЕСТВИТЕЛЬНОЕ
B2
2
kitörés
B2
Модель употребления:
the outbreak of [war/violence/hostilities]
Many families fled the country at the outbreak of war.
Sok család elmenekült az országból a háború kitörésekor.
Curfews were introduced after an outbreak of violence in the capital.
Kijárási tilalmat vezettek be a fővárosban kitört erőszakhullám után.
Diplomats worked hard to stop the outbreak of hostilities along the border.
Economic tensions contributed to the sudden outbreak of unrest and street fighting.
The agreement delayed, but could not prevent, the outbreak of civil war.
Примеры для изучающих
People were afraid of an outbreak of war.
Az emberek féltek a háború kitörésétől.
The city was quiet before the outbreak of violence.
A város csendes volt, mielőtt kitört az erőszak.
Talks failed, and there was an outbreak of fighting on the border.
At the outbreak of war, many soldiers were sent overseas.
The government tried to prevent an outbreak of hostilities.
Частая ошибка:
Learners sometimes mix this sense with disease and say things like *"a war outbreaked"*. *Outbreak* here is still a noun; use *the war broke out* or *there was an outbreak of war*. Also, *outbreak* usually describes the start of something large and serious, not small fights or arguments between individuals.
Значение
sudden start of war or violence
Коллокации
outbreak of war
|outbreak of violence
|outbreak of hostilities
|civil war outbreak
|prevent an outbreak
|spark an outbreak
Синонимы
eruption (Often used figuratively for sudden, intense violence or conflict; slightly more literary in this sense.)
|
flare-up (Suggests a short or sudden increase in conflict, sometimes less large-scale than a full outbreak of war.)
Антонимы
peace (A general state without war or violent conflict, which contrasts with the beginning of war.)
|
ceasefire (A formal stop to fighting, the opposite phase of the moment when fighting first begins.)
Темы
politics
|war
|public life
|law
|core_vocabulary
Определение
The moment when war or serious violence suddenly starts between groups or countries.
The sudden beginning of war, fighting, or violent conflict between groups, communities, or countries.
СУЩЕСТВИТЕЛЬНОЕ
C1
3
Модель употребления:
an outbreak of [emotion/activity]
Her comment was followed by an outbreak of laughter from the audience.
Megjegyzése után kitört a nevetés a közönség soraiban.
The decision sparked an outbreak of protests across major cities.
A döntés tiltakozáshullámot váltott ki a nagyvárosokban.
There was an outbreak of cheering when the team scored in the final minute.
Rumors about shortages caused an outbreak of panic buying in supermarkets.
After hours of tension, there was an outbreak of applause when the deal was signed.
Примеры для изучающих
The joke caused an outbreak of laughter in the class.
A vicc után kitört a nevetés az osztályban.
The news led to an outbreak of protests in the streets.
A hír nyomán tiltakozások törtek ki az utcákon.
There was an outbreak of cheering when the singer came on stage.
The announcement started an outbreak of panic in the office.
The speech ended with an outbreak of loud applause.
Частая ошибка:
Learners may confuse *outbreak* with *outburst* and say *"an outbreak of anger from him"* when *"an outburst of anger from him"* is more natural for one person. *Outbreak* usually involves many people or a group situation. Also, this sense is less common than the disease or war senses, and some learners overuse it where a simpler word like *sudden* or *burst* would be more natural.
Значение
sudden burst of activity or emotion
Коллокации
outbreak of laughter
|outbreak of cheering
|outbreak of protests
|outbreak of panic
|outbreak of rioting
Синонимы
outburst (Often refers to a sudden strong emotion from one person, whereas *outbreak* usually involves many people or a group event.)
|
eruption (More figurative and a bit more literary; suggests something sudden and forceful, similar in feeling but less common in everyday speech.)
Антонимы
calm (Describes a quiet, peaceful state without sudden strong activity or emotion, the opposite of an outbreak.)
|
lull (A period of quiet or reduced activity, contrasting with a sudden increase in activity during an outbreak.)
Темы
emotions
|social life
|communication
|core_vocabulary
Определение
A time when many people suddenly show the same strong feeling or action, like laughing or protesting.
A sudden and noticeable burst of activity, emotion, or behavior that appears at the same time among many people.
Грамматика
Словарная форма
outbreak
IPA
GB/ˈaʊtbɹˌeɪk/
US/ˈaʊtbɹˌeɪk/
Слоги и ударение
out - break (2 слога)
Stress on 1st syllable (out)
Формы слова
Noun
- Base: outbreak
- Plural: outbreaks
Родственные слова
Выражения
outbreak of disease
1/ˈaʊtbɹˌeɪk əv dɪzˈiz/
fixed phrase
sudden start and spread of disease
A time when a disease suddenly appears and spreads in one area or group of people.
Примеры
- The government is preparing for a possible outbreak of disease after the floods.
- Poor sanitation can lead to an outbreak of disease in refugee camps.
outbreak of hostilities
1/ˈaʊtbɹˌeɪk əv hɑstˈɪlətiz/
fixed phrase
formal
sudden start of organized fighting
The time when fighting between groups or countries suddenly starts.
Примеры
- Talks continued up to the very outbreak of hostilities.
- Many diplomats were evacuated from the region at the outbreak of hostilities.
outbreak of laughter
1/ˈaʊtbɹˌeɪk əv lˈæftɚ/
fixed phrase
sudden burst of shared laughter
A time when many people suddenly start laughing at the same moment.
Примеры
- His mistake on stage caused an outbreak of laughter from the audience.
- There was an outbreak of laughter when the child gave a very honest answer.
outbreak of violence
1/ˈaʊtbɹˌeɪk əv vˈaɪələns/
fixed phrase
sudden start of serious violence
A time when serious fighting or attacks suddenly start in a place.
Примеры
- Police were deployed after an outbreak of violence in the city center.
- The speech was blamed for the outbreak of violence at the rally.
outbreak of war
1/ˈaʊtbɹˌeɪk əv wˈɔɹ/
fixed phrase
moment when war begins suddenly
The time when a war starts suddenly.
Примеры
- Many people left the country at the outbreak of war.
- At the outbreak of war, factories switched to producing weapons.