permeate
gb/pˈɚmiˌeɪt/ us/pˈɚmiˌeɪt/
C1
Английский
átjár, beleng, áthatol, átszivárog, áthat
ГЛАГОЛ
C1
1
Модель употребления:
[something] permeates [place/substance/thing]
The smell of fresh bread permeated the entire apartment.
A friss kenyér illata átjárta az egész lakást.
A low hum from the generator permeated the building all night.
A generátor mély búgása egész éjjel átjárta az épületet.
A sense of anticipation permeates the opening chapters.
Примеры для изучающих
The smell of coffee permeated the room.
A kávé illata átjárta a szobát.
Warm light permeated the kitchen.
Meleg fény járta át a konyhát.
Частая ошибка:
Learners often use it for people directly (*He permeated the room*). More natural: He entered the room; his presence/voice/perfume permeated the room.
Значение
spread through and fill completely
Коллокации
the smell permeates the air
|a scent permeates the room
|smoke permeates the building
|a feeling permeates the novel
|an atmosphere permeates the workplace
|light permeates the forest
|a damp smell permeates the house
|a sense of unease permeates the scene
|the sound permeates the hall
|the aroma permeates the kitchen
Синонимы
pervade (Often used for an atmosphere, feeling, or quality present everywhere.)
|
fill (More general; does not emphasize spreading through every part.)
|
saturate (Stronger; suggests being completely filled, often with a liquid or color.)
Антонимы
stay confined (Opposite idea: not spreading beyond a limited area.)
|
dissipate (To fade or disperse rather than remain throughout.)
Темы
daily_life
|nature
|sensory
Определение
If something permeates a place, it spreads everywhere in it.
To spread through every part of a place, substance, or thing so that it is present throughout.
ГЛАГОЛ
C1
TECHNICAL
2
áthatol
B2
átszivárog
B2
Модель употребления:
[liquid/gas] permeates [material]
After days of rain, water had permeated the ground and flooded the basement.
Napokig tartó eső után a víz átszivárgott a talajon, és elárasztotta a pincét.
The strong odor came from chemicals that had permeated the carpet padding.
Az erős szag olyan vegyszerektől származott, amelyek behatoltak a szőnyegalátétbe.
Oxygen can permeate some plastics over time.
Примеры для изучающих
Water permeated the soil.
A víz átszivárgott a talajon.
Smoke permeated the fabric.
A füst behatolt a szövetbe.
Частая ошибка:
Do not confuse with 'evaporate' (turn into vapor) or 'leak' (escape through a hole).
Значение
pass into material through pores
Коллокации
water permeates the soil
|moisture permeates the walls
|salt permeates the wood
|oil permeates the fabric
|chemicals permeate the groundwater
|gas permeates the membrane
|heat permeates the material
|humidity permeates the insulation
|radiation permeates the shielding
|the solution permeates the filter
Синонимы
penetrate (More general; can be sudden and does not always imply spreading throughout.)
|
seep into (Emphasizes slow movement of liquid into something.)
Антонимы
repel (To resist absorption or entry (e.g., water-repellent fabric).)
|
block (To prevent passage through.)
Темы
science
|materials
|nature
Определение
If a liquid or gas permeates something, it gets into it everywhere, through small spaces.
To pass into or through a material, especially slowly, through small openings, spaces, or pores.
ГЛАГОЛ
C1
FORMAL
3
áthat
C1
Модель употребления:
[idea/value] permeates [society/organization/work]
A commitment to safety permeates the company’s training and procedures.
A biztonság iránti elkötelezettség áthatja a vállalat képzéseit és eljárásait.
Old assumptions about success still permeate the industry.
A sikerről szóló régi feltételezések még mindig áthatják az iparágat.
Distrust of government permeates much of the debate.
Примеры для изучающих
Respect permeates their team culture.
A tisztelet áthatja a csapatkultúrájukat.
The idea permeates the whole book.
Ez az elképzelés áthatja az egész könyvet.
Частая ошибка:
Often used with abstract nouns (values, assumptions, culture). For one-time effects, 'affect' is usually better than 'permeate.'
Значение
influence every part of something
Коллокации
permeate society
|permeate the culture
|permeate the organization
|permeate the education system
|permeate public discourse
|permeate everyday life
|permeate policy decisions
|permeate the curriculum
|permeate the workplace
|permeate the media
Синонимы
pervade (Very close; common for ideas, attitudes, or feelings spread everywhere.)
|
inform (Emphasizes shaping how something is done or understood.)
|
imbue (Often used in passive ('be imbued with'); suggests being filled with a quality.)
Антонимы
leave untouched (To have no effect on something.)
|
isolate (To keep separate so influence does not spread.)
Темы
society
|culture
|business
|education
Определение
If an idea permeates a group, it affects everything there.
To be present in every part of a system, organization, or way of thinking, shaping it broadly over time.
Грамматика
Словарная форма
permeate
IPA
GB/pˈɚmiˌeɪt/
US/pˈɚmiˌeɪt/
Слоги и ударение
per - meate (2 слога)
Stress on 1st syllable (per)
Формы слова
Verb
- Base: permeate
- 3rd Person Singular: permeates
- Present Participle: permeating
- Past: permeated
Родственные слова
Forms
permeates
verb
permeating
verb
permeated
verb
Core family
permeable
adjective
Related words
permeation
noun
Negative and opposite forms
impermeable
adjective
Advanced or less common
permeability
noun
impermeability
noun
Выражения
be permeated with/by
1/bˈi pˈɚmiˌeɪtɪd wˈɪθbi/
fixed phrase
be filled throughout with something
To have something spread everywhere inside it.
Примеры
- The hallway was permeated with the smell of paint.
- Her speech was permeated by a quiet optimism.
- The old books were permeated with damp.
Примеры для изучающих
- The room was permeated with smoke.
- The story is permeated with sadness.
permeate into
1/pˈɚmiˌeɪt ˈɪntu/
fixed phrase
formal
spread gradually into something
To slowly enter and spread through something.
Примеры
- New management practices slowly permeated into the rest of the organization.
- Slang from the internet has permeated into everyday speech.
- Doubt began to permeate into the discussion as new facts emerged.
Примеры для изучающих
- The idea permeated into the group.
permeate through
1/pˈɚmiˌeɪt θɹˈu/
fixed phrase
technical
pass through a material
To go through something by spreading through it.
Примеры
- Water vapor can permeate through certain types of packaging.
- The chemical permeated through the gloves after prolonged contact.
- Over time, air may permeate through the seal.
Примеры для изучающих
- Water permeated through the paper.