shield
gb/ʃˈild/ us/ʃˈild/
A2
Английский
~ 6500
pajzs, véd, védőpajzs, védelem, emberi pajzs, élő pajzs, jelvény, címer, címerpajzs, kontinentális pajzs, ősmasszívum
СУЩЕСТВИТЕЛЬНОЕ
A2
1
pajzs
B1
Модель употребления:
a shield against [danger/impact/heat]
The police formed a line with their shields raised in front of them.
A rendőrök pajzsaikat maguk elé emelve sorfalat álltak.
The spacecraft is covered with a special heat shield to survive re‑entry.
Az űrhajót különleges hőpajzs borítja, hogy kibírja a légkörbe való visszatérést.
He lifted his backpack as a shield against the flying stones.
The welder’s face shield protects her eyes from the bright light and sparks.
Примеры для изучающих
The soldier held a big shield in front of his body.
A katona egy nagy pajzsot tartott a teste előtt.
She wore a plastic face shield at work.
Munkában műanyag arcvédő pajzsot viselt.
He used his arm as a shield to block the ball.
The car has a metal shield under the engine.
Частая ошибка:
Learners sometimes confuse 'shield' with 'helmet' or 'armor'. A 'shield' is usually a separate object held or placed in front of something, while a 'helmet' goes on the head and 'armor' is worn on the body.
Значение
hard object used for protection
Коллокации
carry a shield
|use a shield
|protective shield
|riot shield
|heat shield
|face shield
Синонимы
protective barrier (More general and descriptive; does not suggest the classic weapon or police equipment image.)
Антонимы
exposure (Being left open to danger instead of being covered or protected by something.)
Темы
safety
|war
|technology
|core_vocabulary
Определение
A hard object that you hold or place in front of you or another thing to keep it safe from danger.
A rigid or semi‑rigid object used as a barrier to protect a person or thing from physical harm, impact, or other harmful effects.
B1
2
véd
A1
Модель употребления:
to shield [someone/something] from/against [something]
She raised her hand to shield her eyes from the bright light.
A kezét a szeme elé emelte, hogy megvédje a szemét az erős fénytől.
Trees help shield the house from the strong winter winds.
A fák segítenek megvédeni a házat az erős téli szelektől.
The company tried to shield its employees from the worst of the layoffs.
He wore a wide hat to shield his face against the sun.
Примеры для изучающих
He used his coat to shield the child from the rain.
A kabátjával védte a gyereket az esőtől.
Clouds shield us from the hot sun.
A felhők megvédenek minket a tűző naptól.
She moved closer to the wall to shield herself from the wind.
Parents often try to shield their kids from bad news.
Частая ошибка:
Learners sometimes say *'shield of'* instead of using the prepositions 'from' or 'against'. Say 'shield someone from/against something', not *'shield someone of something'.*
Значение
to protect from harm or effect
Коллокации
shield someone from danger
|shield something from view
|shield yourself against the sun
|carefully shield
|designed to shield
Синонимы
protect (Most general term; 'shield' often suggests a more physical or active blocking action.)
Антонимы
expose (Means to leave someone or something open to harm instead of protecting or covering it.)
Темы
safety
|daily life
|core_vocabulary
Определение
To keep someone or something safe from danger, damage, or something bad, often by covering or blocking.
To protect someone or something from harm, danger, or an unwanted effect, especially by blocking or covering them.
СУЩЕСТВИТЕЛЬНОЕ
B2
3
Модель употребления:
a shield against [criticism/risk]
The new law acts as a shield for small businesses against unfair competition.
Az új törvény védőpajzsként szolgál a kisvállalkozások számára a tisztességtelen versennyel szemben.
His calm manner was a shield that hid his real feelings.
Nyugodt modora olyan pajzs volt, amely elrejtette valódi érzéseit.
She used her children as a moral shield when critics questioned her decisions.
Insurance can be an important financial shield in hard times.
Примеры для изучающих
Good friends can be a shield against stress.
A jó barátok védőpajzsot jelenthetnek a stressz ellen.
The contract is a shield for workers if the company has problems.
A szerződés védőpajzsot jelent a dolgozók számára, ha a vállalatnak problémái adódnak.
Her strong team is a shield that protects her from blame.
Savings are a money shield for your family.
Частая ошибка:
Learners may not realize this sense is often abstract. You cannot see or touch this kind of 'shield'; it is an idea or system that gives protection.
Значение
thing that gives non‑physical protection
Коллокации
a shield against criticism
|a legal shield
|serve as a shield
|used as a shield
|act as a shield
Синонимы
protection (Very general; does not suggest the strong image of blocking that 'shield' does.)
Антонимы
vulnerability (A state of being open to harm or criticism instead of being protected from it.)
Темы
business
|society
|core_vocabulary
Определение
Something that keeps a person or group safe from blame, problems, or other bad things that are not physical.
Something that provides protection from criticism, responsibility, risk, or other non‑physical harm.
СУЩЕСТВИТЕЛЬНОЕ
B2
4
emberi pajzs
B2
élő pajzs
B2
Модель употребления:
use [someone] as a shield
The militants used hostages as shields when moving through the city.
A fegyveresek túszokat használtak élő pajzsként, miközben a városon haladtak át.
Soldiers reported that civilians had been forced to act as human shields.
A katonák jelentették, hogy civileket kényszerítettek arra, hogy emberi pajzsként szolgáljanak.
He grabbed a passer‑by and tried to use him as a shield from the police.
The children became unwilling shields in the middle of the conflict.
Примеры для изучающих
The criminals used the bank workers as human shields.
A bűnözők a banki dolgozókat emberi pajzsként használták.
The soldiers said people in the village were used as shields.
A katonák szerint a faluban élő embereket emberi pajzsként használták.
He pulled a man in front of him as a shield from the gunfire.
The hostages were shields for the attackers.
Частая ошибка:
Learners sometimes think 'human shield' is always metaphorical. In news reports, it is usually literal: real people are put in front of others to block attack.
Значение
person or group used as barrier
Коллокации
use civilians as human shields
|held as a human shield
|take someone as a shield
|force them to be a shield
Синонимы
human shield (Fixed phrase that clearly states that the shield is a person or group of people.)
Антонимы
target (A person directly aimed at or attacked, not someone used to protect another from attack.)
Темы
war
|crime
|ethics
|law
|politics
Определение
A person or group that is put in front of others so that they are hit or hurt first, to keep the others safe.
A person, group, or sometimes an object that is put in a dangerous position to protect someone else from attack or harm.
СУЩЕСТВИТЕЛЬНОЕ
B1
5
The detective showed her shield and entered the building.
A nyomozó felmutatta a jelvényét, és belépett az épületbe.
Their family shield is printed at the top of the letter.
A családi címerük a levél tetejére van nyomtatva.
The club’s shield appears on all of the team’s shirts.
The old church window is decorated with colorful shields and symbols.
Примеры для изучающих
The police officer took out his shield and ID card.
A rendőr elővette a jelvényét és az igazolványát.
Her family has a shield with three stars on it.
A családjának van egy címere, amelyen három csillag látható.
The team shirt has a small shield on the front.
He drew a shield shape for the school logo.
Частая ошибка:
Learners may confuse this with the physical protective shield. In this meaning, the shield is usually flat and symbolic, like a logo or badge.
Значение
shield‑shaped badge or emblem
Коллокации
police shield
|metal shield
|family shield
|school shield
|coat‑of‑arms shield
Синонимы
badge (More general; not always shield‑shaped, but often used for police or official identification.)
Антонимы
civilian clothes (In context of police, this suggests lack of visible official sign or symbol.)
Темы
symbols
|law
|communication
|politics
Определение
A badge or picture with a shield shape that shows power, rank, or a family or group.
A badge, emblem, or symbol in the shape of a shield, especially one showing official authority or a family, city, or organization.
СУЩЕСТВИТЕЛЬНОЕ
C1
TECHNICAL
6
Much of central Canada sits on the Canadian Shield, a vast expanse of ancient rock.
Kanada középső részének nagy része a Kanadai-pajzson fekszik, ezen az ősi kőzetekből álló hatalmas területen.
The study focused on how the shield formed during the Precambrian era.
A tanulmány arra összpontosított, hogyan alakult ki a pajzs a prekambrium idején.
Rivers cut through the shield, exposing layers of very old granite and gneiss.
Примеры для изучающих
The Canadian Shield covers a big part of Canada.
A Kanadai-pajzs Kanada nagy részét borítja.
In geology class, we learned that a shield is made of very old rock.
Geológiaórán megtanultuk, hogy a földtani pajzs nagyon régi kőzetekből áll.
Some lakes in Canada lie in the Canadian Shield.
A shield is a stable part of a continent.
Частая ошибка:
Learners may think this 'shield' protects something. In geology, it is just the name for a type of rock region and does not mean protection.
Значение
large ancient rock area
Коллокации
the Canadian Shield
|Precambrian shield
|continental shield
|ancient shield rocks
Синонимы
cratonic shield (More technical term used mainly in geology; not used in everyday speech.)
Антонимы
orogenic belt (In geology, a region of recent mountain building, unlike the stable, ancient rock of a shield.)
Темы
science
|geography
|nature
Определение
In geology, a large area of very old hard rock that makes up the center of a continent and is open at the ground surface.
In geology, a broad region of very old, hard crystalline rock that forms the stable core of a continent and is often exposed at the surface.
Грамматика
Словарная форма
shield
IPA
GB/ʃˈild/
US/ʃˈild/
Слоги и ударение
shield (1 слог)
Stress on 1st syllable (shield)
Формы слова
Noun
- Base: shield
- Plural: shields
Родственные слова
Forms
shields
noun
Related words
shielding
noun
windshield
noun B1
Negative and opposite forms
unshielded
adjective
Выражения
act as a shield
1/ˈækt ˈæz ə ʃˈild/
fixed phrase
serve as a form of protection
To be something that gives protection, either physical or non‑physical, like a wall, law, or strong friend.
Примеры
- The forests act as a shield against strong winds from the ocean.
- Strict rules can act as a shield for consumers against fraud.
heat shield
1/hˈit ʃˈild/
fixed phrase
technical
device that protects from heat
A special part or cover that stops heat from damaging a car, rocket, or other machine.
Примеры
- The spacecraft’s heat shield must survive extremely high temperatures.
- A metal heat shield protects the wall behind the stove.
human shield
1/hjˈumən ʃˈild/
fixed phrase
person used as protective barrier
A person or group of people who are put in front of others so they are in danger first, to keep the others safe.
Примеры
- The hostages were forced to act as human shields.
- They accused the fighters of using civilians as human shields.
police shield
1/pəlˈis ʃˈild/
fixed phrase
police officer's badge
A badge that a police officer carries to show that he or she is a real officer.
Примеры
- He flashed his police shield and entered the restricted area.
- The movie showed a close‑up of the detective’s shield.
shield [someone/something] against
1/ʃˈild sˈoʊmˈoʊnsəmˈɛθɪŋ əɡˈɛnst/
fixed phrase
protect against something harmful
To protect a person or thing against something harmful, such as disease, heat, or risk.
Примеры
- The vaccine helps shield the population against serious illness.
- Good planning can shield a company against sudden market changes.
shield [someone/something] from
1/ʃˈild sˈoʊmˈoʊnsəmˈɛθɪŋ fɹˈʌm/
fixed phrase
protect someone or something from something
To protect a person or thing from something harmful, such as danger, light, or bad news.
Примеры
- Parents often try to shield their children from bad experiences.
- She used her umbrella to shield the camera from the rain.
shield your eyes
1/ʃˈild jˈʊɹ ˈaɪz/
fixed phrase
cover your eyes from light
To put your hand or something else in front of your eyes to block bright light or flying things.
Примеры
- Shield your eyes, the flash is very bright.
- He shielded his eyes from the dust as the car drove past.
tax shield
1/tˈæks ʃˈild/
fixed phrase
technical
reduction of taxes via deductions
A way of paying less tax by using legal tax rules, such as interest or depreciation, to lower your taxable income.
Примеры
- Mortgage interest payments can provide a valuable tax shield for homeowners.
- The company used debt financing partly for the tax shield it offers.