downstream
gb/dˈaʊnstɹˈim/ us/dˈaʊnstɹˈim/
B2
Английский
~ 9100
Значения
0 значений
adverb
B2
relation
1
In the direction of flowing water
In the same direction that a river or water moves, away from where it starts.
Модель употребления:
to go/move/float downstream (from [a place])
Частая ошибка:
Learners sometimes confuse "downstream" with "downstairs" or "downward". "Downstream" is used for movement in the direction of flowing water or another flow, not simply "down" in space or inside a building. It is not used with people in a house (say "go downstairs", not "go downstream").
Синонимы
downriver (Used mainly for rivers; slightly more specific to rivers than general liquid flow.)
|
with the current (Describes moving in the same direction as the water; more descriptive and informal.)
Антонимы
upstream (Means toward the source of the water, the opposite direction to downstream.)
Коллокации
flow downstream
|move downstream
|drift downstream
|travel downstream
|carry [something] downstream
|downstream from the dam
Темы
nature
|geography
|space
Примеры
- The boat drifted downstream after the engine failed.
- Pollution from the factory can be detected many miles downstream.
- We started our kayak trip near the bridge and paddled downstream to the next town.
- Fish tend to spread downstream during the rainy season.
- A fallen tree blocked the river, and logs piled up just downstream.
Примеры для изучающих
- The water moves quickly downstream.
- They took a small boat and went downstream.
- Oil from the ship spread downstream along the river.
- The town is ten kilometers downstream from the dam.
- Leaves float downstream in the autumn.
adjective
C1
property
2
At a later stage in a process
Happening or placed later in a process or system, usually because of something that happened before.
Модель употребления:
[downstream] [effects/processes/tasks/activities] of [something]
Частая ошибка:
Learners sometimes think "downstream effects" are physical things related to rivers. In business, science, and technology, "downstream" often means "later in a process" or "caused by something earlier", not literally connected to water. Another confusion is using "after effects" in very formal writing where "downstream effects" is more natural in process-focused discussions.
Синонимы
subsequent (More formal; focuses on time order rather than process structure.)
|
later-stage (Common in business and project contexts; emphasizes order within a process.)
Антонимы
upstream (In process language, refers to earlier stages or inputs, the opposite of downstream outputs or effects.)
|
prior (Stresses something happening before an event rather than resulting from it.)
Коллокации
downstream effects
|downstream impact
|downstream consequences
|downstream processes
|downstream tasks
|downstream services
Темы
business
|technology
|science
|core_vocabulary
Примеры
- These bugs in the core system are causing serious downstream effects for our customers.
- If we change the pricing model, we need to think about the downstream impact on sales and support.
- Good data governance reduces many downstream problems in reporting and analytics.
- The team only handles downstream tasks once the design has been approved.
- Cutting corners at this stage will create downstream risks for the entire project.
Примеры для изучающих
- Bad decisions today can have many downstream problems in the future.
- We must think about downstream effects before we act.
- This rule change will have big downstream impact on small companies.
- Better training of staff will reduce downstream customer complaints.
- The software team deals with downstream issues after the product is launched.
adjective
B2
property
3
Located further along a flow
In a place that is farther along a river or water flow, in the same direction the water moves.
Модель употребления:
[a/an/the] downstream [town/area/side/end/community]
Частая ошибка:
Learners sometimes add an unnecessary preposition and say "in the downstream town" when they simply mean "the downstream town". Use it directly before the noun ("downstream town", "downstream village"), not with "in" or "at" unless you are also naming the place ("in the downstream town of X").
Синонимы
downriver (Used specifically for locations along a river; very close in meaning in river contexts.)
Антонимы
upstream (Refers to places closer to the source of the river or flow, in the opposite direction.)
Коллокации
downstream communities
|downstream towns
|downstream areas
|downstream side
|downstream end
|downstream users
Темы
nature
|geography
Примеры
- Several downstream communities depend on this dam for drinking water.
- The downstream side of the bridge is more affected by erosion.
- Farmers in downstream areas complained about reduced water flow.
- We measured pollution levels at several downstream sites.
- Downstream villages were flooded after heavy rain in the mountains.
Примеры для изучающих
- Many downstream towns get their water from this river.
- The downstream area has a lot of farms.
- People in downstream villages were told to leave because of the flood.
- The factory sends dirty water into the river, and downstream communities are worried.
- Fish are dying in the downstream part of the lake.
adjective
technical
C2
property
4
Further along a biological pathway
In biology or chemistry, happening or placed later in a chain of reactions or in a DNA or cell signal path, starting from a fixed point.
Модель употребления:
[a/an/the] downstream [gene/target/pathway/effect]
Частая ошибка:
In scientific writing, learners sometimes use "later" or "next" where "downstream" is more precise because it refers to position in a defined pathway or sequence, not just time. Another mistake is mixing up "downstream" and "lower" when describing positions on DNA or proteins; "downstream" is relative to a standard direction (such as 5' to 3'), not necessarily lower on a page or diagram.
Синонимы
distal (Technical; can mean further away along a structure or pathway, but usage depends on specific subfield.)
|
downstream of (Prepositional form used to describe position relative to another element in a sequence.)
Антонимы
upstream (In molecular biology, refers to regions or events earlier in the sequence or pathway, such as upstream regulatory elements.)
Коллокации
downstream gene
|downstream target
|downstream signaling
|downstream pathway
|downstream effectors
|downstream response
Темы
science
|medicine
Примеры
- Activation of this receptor triggers multiple downstream signaling pathways.
- The mutation affects a downstream gene involved in cell division.
- These drugs block a downstream step in the inflammatory response.
- We observed reduced expression of several downstream targets of the transcription factor.
- Downstream effects include changes in hormone levels and gene transcription.
Примеры для изучающих
- The hormone starts a signal that has many downstream steps in the cell.
- A change in one protein can change many downstream reactions.
- This drug blocks a downstream part of the pain pathway.
- The problem is not in this gene but in a downstream gene it controls.
- Scientists studied the downstream effects of this mutation.
Существительное
technical
C1
entity
5
Refining and marketing sector
In the oil and gas industry, the business of turning oil and gas into products like fuel and selling them to customers.
Модель употребления:
the downstream; upstream and downstream
Частая ошибка:
Learners may assume "downstream" as a noun has the same broad meaning as the adjective or adverb. In business news, "the downstream" usually refers specifically to the refining and marketing part of the oil and gas industry, not just anything that happens later.
Синонимы
refining and marketing (Describes the main activities of the downstream sector in more everyday business language.)
Антонимы
upstream (Refers to exploration and production activities that come before downstream refining and marketing.)
|
midstream (In industry jargon, midstream covers transport and storage, sitting between upstream and downstream.)
Коллокации
the downstream sector
|downstream operations
|upstream and downstream
|downstream business
|downstream activities
|downstream segment
Темы
business
|industry
|technology
Примеры
- The company plans to invest more heavily in its downstream operations.
- Profits fell in the upstream business but rose in downstream refining and marketing.
- Environmental rules are increasing costs across the downstream sector.
- They are trying to expand their downstream presence in Asian markets.
- The merger will create one of the largest downstream players in Europe.
Примеры для изучающих
- He works in the downstream part of an oil company.
- Many jobs in the downstream sector are in refineries.
- The company wants to grow its downstream business.
- New rules make downstream operations more expensive.
- Profits from downstream helped the company during low oil prices.
Грамматика
Словарная форма
downstream
IPA
GB/dˈaʊnstɹˈim/
US/dˈaʊnstɹˈim/
Слоги и ударение
down - stream (2 слога)
Stress on 1st syllable (down)
Формы слова
Adjective
- Base: downstream
Родственные слова
Core family
stream
noun A2
Negative and opposite forms
upstream
adverb
Выражения
downstream effects
1/dˈaʊnstɹˈim ɪfˈɛkts/
fixed phrase
Effects that show up later
Results that appear later in a process because of something that happened before.
Примеры
- We need to think about the downstream effects of cutting the education budget.
- Poor data quality can have serious downstream effects on decision-making.
- The policy had unexpected downstream effects on small businesses.
downstream from
1/dˈaʊnstɹˈim fɹˈʌm/
fixed phrase
Located further along a flow
In a place that is farther along a river, pipe, or other flow, starting from a named place.
Примеры
- The village lies about ten kilometers downstream from the dam.
- Factories downstream from the city complained about the new water rules.
- The water is cleaner a few miles downstream from the industrial area.
downstream processing
1/dˈaʊnstɹˈim pɹˈɑsɛsɪŋ/
fixed phrase
technical
Later steps to purify a product
In biotechnology or manufacturing, the steps after the main production, where a product is cleaned, separated, and prepared for use.
Примеры
- Downstream processing is often the most expensive part of biopharmaceutical production.
- Improved downstream processing can increase yield and reduce costs.
- The team is focusing on automating downstream processing steps.
upstream and downstream
1/ˈʌpstɹˈim ˈænd dˈaʊnstɹˈim/
fixed phrase
Earlier and later stages together
Both the early parts and the later parts of a river, process, system, or business chain.
Примеры
- We need to coordinate teams working upstream and downstream on this project.
- The company operates upstream and downstream, from oil production to fuel sales.
- Changes in regulation will affect both upstream and downstream activities.