fog
gb/fˈɔɡ/ us/fˈɔɡ/
A2
Английский
~ 8200
Значения
0 значений
Существительное
A2
event
1
thick low cloud reducing visibility
Very low cloud made of tiny water drops that makes it difficult to see.
Модель употребления:
[fog] moves over [a place]
Частая ошибка:
Learners often confuse "fog" and "mist". Both are made of tiny water drops, but "fog" is thicker and makes it harder to see. Also, some say *"a fogs"*; remember that "fog" is usually an uncountable noun in the weather sense ("There is fog", not *"There are fogs"*), except in set phrases like "a thick fog" or "fogs are common here in winter".
Синонимы
mist (Usually lighter and thinner than fog, with better visibility.)
Антонимы
clear skies (Describes weather with no fog or cloud blocking visibility.)
Коллокации
thick fog
|dense fog
|heavy fog
|patches of fog
|morning fog
|fog rolls in
Темы
weather
|nature
Примеры
- Thick fog covered the highway, so drivers had to slow down.
- A bank of fog rolled in from the sea and hid the boats from view.
- By sunrise the fog had lifted, revealing the mountains around us.
- Flights were delayed because of heavy fog at the airport.
- We got lost in the fog on our way back to the campsite.
Примеры для изучающих
- There was thick fog this morning.
- We could not see the road in the fog.
- The fog lifted at noon.
- Fog covered the city after the rain.
- Be careful driving in fog.
Существительное
B2
state
2
state of mental confusion
A feeling that your mind is not clear and it is hard to think.
Модель употребления:
in a fog of [emotion/thoughts]
Частая ошибка:
Learners sometimes think this is about real weather. In sentences like "I’m in a fog today", the word is figurative and means mental confusion, not actual fog outside.
Синонимы
haze (Often used figuratively for slight confusion or lack of clarity, sometimes softer than "fog".)
Антонимы
clarity (Describes a state where thoughts are clear and easy to understand, the opposite of mental fog.)
Коллокации
in a fog
|brain fog
|mental fog
|emotional fog
|shake off the fog
Темы
emotions
|health
|core_vocabulary
Примеры
- She walked through the day in a fog after hearing the bad news.
- After the long flight, I had a fog in my head and couldn’t concentrate on anything.
- Therapists say depression can create a fog that makes simple tasks feel impossible.
- It took a strong coffee to clear the fog from his brain.
- He remembers that year as a fog of stress and exhaustion.
Примеры для изучающих
- I was in a fog all morning.
- After the exam, my brain was in a fog.
- Stress can cause a mental fog.
- I need to clear this fog in my head.
- The medicine helped lift the fog of sadness.
Глагол
B2
action
3
make glass cloudy with moisture
To make glass or a lens cloudy with small drops of water so you cannot see well.
Модель употребления:
to fog [glass/surface] (up)
Частая ошибка:
Learners sometimes say *"make smoke on the glass"* when they mean it becomes cloudy with water. Use "fog up" or "steam up" for this situation. Also, remember that "fog up" can be intransitive ("The window fogged up") or transitive ("My breath fogged up the window").
Синонимы
steam up (Commonly used for glass becoming cloudy from warm moisture; very close in meaning in everyday situations.)
Антонимы
clear (To remove cloudiness or make something easy to see through, the opposite of fogging it.)
Коллокации
fog up the windows
|glasses fogged up
|fogged-up windshield
|lenses fog over
|mirror fogs up
Темы
daily life
|objects
|daily_life
|core_vocabulary
Примеры
- Her glasses fogged up when she came in from the cold.
- The hot shower fogged the bathroom mirror so much that he had to wipe it with a towel.
- If you breathe on the lens, it will fog and ruin the photo.
- The car windows fogged up because there were too many people inside.
- Cooking without a fan quickly fogs the kitchen windows.
Примеры для изучающих
- My glasses fogged up in the rain.
- The hot water fogged the mirror.
- Don’t fog the window with your breath.
- The car windows fog up in winter.
- I wiped the fogged glass with my hand.
Существительное
B2
entity
4
cloud of small particles in air
A cloud of very small drops of liquid or tiny pieces in the air, like spray or smoke.
Модель употребления:
a fog of [spray/smoke/chemicals]
Частая ошибка:
Learners may not realize this meaning can be used both literally (real particles in the air) and loosely as strong exaggeration, for example "a fog of perfume". In both cases it still refers to something physical in the air, not just a feeling.
Синонимы
haze (A light cloud of particles in the air; often suggests less density than fog.)
Антонимы
clear air (Air without visible particles, the opposite of air filled with fog or haze.)
Коллокации
a fog of smoke
|a fog of perfume
|chemical fog
|fine fog of spray
|a fog of dust
Темы
science
|environment
|core_vocabulary
Примеры
- The room filled with a fog of smoke from the candles and incense.
- A fine fog of disinfectant hung in the air after they sprayed the classroom.
- Workers walked through a fog of paint mist without proper masks.
- The stage was covered in a thick fog from the smoke machines.
- Sunlight cut through the fog of dust in the old warehouse.
Примеры для изучающих
- There was a fog of smoke in the bar.
- A fog of perfume filled the small room.
- We walked through a fog of spray at the concert.
- Dust made a light fog in the air.
- The machine made a fog of water in the room.
Глагол
C1
action
5
make an idea unclear or confusing
To make something hard to understand or think about clearly.
Модель употребления:
to fog [an issue/idea/memory]
Частая ошибка:
Learners rarely use "fog" as a verb here and choose only "confuse". While "confuse" is more common, advanced learners should recognize that "fog the issue" is a set phrase meaning to make something less clear.
Синонимы
confuse (More general and common verb for making someone or something unclear; "fog" adds a sense of clouding or hiding details.)
Антонимы
clarify (Means to make something easier to understand, directly opposite to fogging it.)
Коллокации
fog the issue
|fog the picture
|fog the facts
|fog someone’s memory
|fog the debate
Темы
communication
|thinking
|education
Примеры
- Legal jargon only fogs the issue for most people.
- His long, technical answer fogged the question instead of resolving it.
- Time has fogged her memory of exactly what was said.
- Marketing language can fog the real cost of a product.
- Emotional stress tends to fog his ability to make decisions.
Примеры для изучающих
- Too many details can fog the main point.
- Her answer fogged the question for me.
- Old age can fog a person’s memory.
- Stress can fog your thinking.
- The report fogged the issue instead of helping.
Глагол
C1
action
6
cover an area with fog
To put or bring fog over a place.
Модель употребления:
fog [a place] in
Частая ошибка:
This sense is mostly used in passive or intransitive patterns like "the airport was fogged in" or "the valley fogs in". Learners sometimes try to say *"the clouds fogged the city"*; more natural is "the city was fogged in" or simply "fog covered the city".
Синонимы
envelop (A more general and often more formal word for fully surrounding or covering something.)
Антонимы
clear (In a weather context, to become free of cloud or fog; the opposite of being fogged in.)
Коллокации
fog the valley in
|the coast fogs in
|mountains are fogged in
|the harbor fogged in overnight
|the town was fogged in
Темы
weather
|nature
Примеры
- The airport was fogged in, so no planes could land.
- Every winter the valley fogs in for days at a time.
- The coastline fogged in shortly after sunset.
- By evening the whole bay was fogged in and the ships sounded their horns.
- The mountain town is often fogged in during the rainy season.
Примеры для изучающих
- The city was fogged in for two days.
- The harbor fogged in last night.
- In winter, the village often fogs in.
- The airport is fogged in again.
- The coast fogged in after the storm.
Грамматика
Словарная форма
fog
IPA
GB/fˈɔɡ/
US/fˈɔɡ/
Слоги и ударение
fog (1 слог)
Stress on 1st syllable (fog)
Формы слова
Noun
- Base: fog
- Plural: fog, fogs
Verb
- Base: fog
- 3rd Person Singular: fogs
- Present Participle: fogging
- Past: fogged
Родственные слова
Forms
fogs
noun
fogging
verb
fogged
verb
Core family
foggy
adjective B1
Related words
fogginess
noun
Ключевые моменты
- Irregular present participle: fogging Verb
- Irregular past: fogged Verb
Выражения
a blanket of fog
1/ə blˈæŋkɪt əv fˈɔɡ/
fixed phrase
thick layer of fog over an area
A thick, wide area of fog that covers a place like a blanket.
Примеры
- A blanket of fog covered the city at dawn.
- From the hill, we could see a blanket of fog lying over the river.
- The fields were hidden under a thick blanket of fog.
a fog lifts
1/ə fˈɔɡ lˈɪfts/
idiom
confusion goes away and things become clear
Used when confusion or sadness goes away and you can think or feel clearly again.
Примеры
- After a good night’s sleep, the fog lifted and I could finally think straight.
- As the fog lifted, she understood what had really happened.
- Once he apologized, a fog lifted between them and they could talk openly again.
brain fog
1/bɹˈeɪn fˈɔɡ/
fixed phrase
unclear, slow thinking
A feeling that your mind is slow and not clear, often because of stress, illness, or lack of sleep.
Примеры
- I’m sorry, I’ve got serious brain fog today and can’t focus on anything.
- Many people reported brain fog as a symptom after the illness.
- Coffee helps a little with my morning brain fog.
fog of war
1/fˈɔɡ əv wˈɔɹ/
fixed phrase
uncertainty during conflict or complex events
The confusion and lack of clear information that happens during war or very complex situations.
Примеры
- Early reports were unclear and likely wrong, as often happens in the fog of war.
- The fog of war made it difficult for commanders to know where their troops actually were.
- Journalists struggled to separate fact from rumor in the fog of war.
fog over
1/fˈɔɡ ˈoʊvɚ/
phrasal verb
surface becoming cloudy and hard to see through
To become covered with a cloudy layer, so it is hard to see through, often because of tiny drops of water.
Примеры
- The car windows fogged over in the cold night air.
- My scuba mask kept fogging over, so I had to clean it.
- The lab goggles fogged over, making it hard to read the labels.
fog up
1/fˈɔɡ ˈʌp/
phrasal verb
become or make glass cloudy
To become or make glass or a lens cloudy with small drops of water so you cannot see well.
Примеры
- Her glasses fogged up as soon as she stepped indoors.
- Don’t fog up the window by breathing on it.
- The bathroom mirror always fogs up when I take a hot shower.
in a fog
1/ˈɪn ə fˈɔɡ/
idiom
feeling confused and not thinking clearly
Feeling very confused and unable to think clearly.
Примеры
- I spent the whole meeting in a fog and didn’t follow the discussion at all.
- After the sudden breakup, he walked around in a fog for weeks.
- She was in a fog this morning and almost missed her train.
lost in a fog
1/lˈɔst ˈɪn ə fˈɔɡ/
idiom
completely confused and not understanding
Very confused and not understanding what is happening or what to do.
Примеры
- I’m lost in a fog with these tax forms.
- New students can feel lost in a fog during their first week at university.
- Without clear instructions, the team was lost in a fog.
pea-soup fog
1/pˈi sˈup fˈɔɡ/
fixed phrase
literary
extremely dense, often yellowish fog
Very thick fog, so heavy that it looks almost like soup and you can hardly see anything.
Примеры
- Old stories often describe London’s pea-soup fog in winter.
- We woke up to a pea-soup fog that hid even the nearest houses.
- The city was famous for its pea-soup fogs before air laws changed.
shrouded in fog
1/ʃɹˈaʊdɪd ˈɪn fˈɔɡ/
fixed phrase
literary
completely covered and hidden by fog
Covered in heavy fog so that it is hard to see it.
Примеры
- The castle on the hill was shrouded in fog.
- By evening, the whole valley was shrouded in fog.
- The bridge appeared, then disappeared again, shrouded in fog.
thick fog
1/θˈɪk fˈɔɡ/
fixed phrase
very dense fog
Fog that is very heavy, so you cannot see far.
Примеры
- We drove slowly through the thick fog on the highway.
- The flight was delayed due to thick fog at the airport.
- The village woke up to thick fog and freezing air.
through the fog of [something]
1/θɹˈu ðə fˈɔɡ əv sˈʌmθɪŋ/
idiom
literary
perceiving despite emotional or mental confusion
Experiencing or understanding something while you feel very confused, sad, or emotional.
Примеры
- Through the fog of grief, she barely noticed the guests arriving.
- He made the decision through the fog of exhaustion and stress.
- Through the fog of fear, one clear thought came to her mind.