punitive
gb/pjˈunətɪv/ us/pjˈunətɪv/
C1
Английский
Значения
0 значений
adjective
formal
C1
property
1
Intended to punish someone
Meant to punish someone.
Модель употребления:
punitive [measure/response/sanction/penalty] (against [someone/something])
Частая ошибка:
Do not use punitive to mean simply “negative” or “critical”; it specifically suggests punishment or penalties.
Синонимы
penal (More closely tied to criminal law and formal penalties.)
|
retributive (Emphasizes punishment as payback for wrongdoing.)
|
disciplinary (Often used for punishment within an organization (school/work), usually less severe.)
Антонимы
nonpunitive (Not intended to punish; focused on support or correction.)
|
lenient (Not strict or severe in punishment.)
|
rehabilitative (Focused on improving behavior rather than punishing.)
Коллокации
punitive measures
|punitive action
|punitive sanctions
|punitive policy
|punitive response
|punitive penalty
|punitive approach
|punitive laws
|punitive restrictions
|punitive fine
Темы
law
|politics
|crime
|society
Примеры
- The government introduced punitive measures to deter companies from dumping waste.
- The committee rejected a punitive response and asked for a plan to prevent the problem happening again.
- Some critics say the new rules are punitive and target the poorest households.
Примеры для изучающих
- The school has a punitive rule for late homework.
- The judge avoided punitive treatment and chose counseling instead.
adjective
formal
C1
property
2
Excessively harsh or severe
Very harsh or severe, like a punishment.
Модель употребления:
punitive [tax/rate/conditions/terms]
Частая ошибка:
Punitive usually suggests more than “strict”; it implies an unfairly heavy burden or penalty.
Синонимы
harsh (More general; does not necessarily imply a penalty.)
|
draconian (Suggests extremely severe rules or punishments; more dramatic.)
|
punishing (More informal; often about demanding conditions.)
Антонимы
reasonable (Fair and not excessively demanding or severe.)
|
moderate (Not extreme in level or intensity.)
|
forgiving (Not harsh about mistakes or failures.)
Коллокации
punitive tax
|punitive rate
|punitive interest rates
|punitive fees
|punitive conditions
|punitive terms
|punitive pricing
|punitive fines
|punitive workload
|punitive schedule
Темы
business
|money
|law
|society
Примеры
- Small businesses complained that the new reporting requirements were punitive.
- The loan came with punitive interest rates that made repayment almost impossible.
- Workers described the timetable as punitive, with barely any breaks.
Примеры для изучающих
- The fees are punitive for students.
- The contract has punitive terms.
Грамматика
Словарная форма
punitive
IPA
GB/pjˈunətɪv/
US/pjˈunətɪv/
Слоги и ударение
pun - it - ive (3 слога)
Stress on 1st syllable (pun)
Формы слова
Adjective
- Base: punitive
Родственные слова
Core family
punish
verb B1
punishment
noun B1
Related words
punishable
adjective
punishing
adjective
punisher
noun
Negative and opposite forms
unpunished
adjective
Advanced or less common
punitively
adverb C1
Выражения
punitive action
1/pjˈunətɪv ˈækʃən/
fixed phrase
formal
Action taken to punish
Do something to punish someone.
Примеры
- Management said it would take punitive action if the behavior continued.
- The agency was accused of taking punitive action against whistleblowers.
- The policy limits punitive action and encourages coaching first.
punitive damages
1/pjˈunətɪv dˈæmɪd͡ʒɪz/
fixed phrase
legal
Money awarded to punish
Extra money in a lawsuit meant to punish the wrongdoer.
Примеры
- The jury awarded punitive damages after finding the company had acted deliberately.
- The judge reduced the punitive damages on appeal.
- Punitive damages are rare in some legal systems.
punitive damages
1/pjˈunətɪv dˈæmɪd͡ʒɪz/
fixed phrase
legal
Damages meant to punish
extra money a wrongdoer must pay as punishment, not just to cover the victim’s loss.
Примеры
- The jury awarded $5 million in punitive damages after finding that the company had acted recklessly.
- The plaintiffs are seeking punitive damages, arguing that the fraud was deliberate.
punitive measures
1/pjˈunətɪv mˈɛʒɚz/
fixed phrase
formal
Actions taken to punish
Actions or rules that punish.
Примеры
- The union warned that punitive measures would damage morale.
- International leaders discussed punitive measures in response to the attack.
- The report argued for prevention rather than punitive measures.
punitive sanctions
1/pjˈunətɪv sˈæŋkʃənz/
fixed phrase
formal
Sanctions meant to punish
Sanctions that are used as punishment.
Примеры
- Several countries imposed punitive sanctions on the regime.
- The company faced punitive sanctions for repeated violations.
- Critics said the punitive sanctions hurt ordinary people more than leaders.
punitive tariff
1/pjˈunətɪv tˈɛɹəf/
fixed phrase
business
Import tax meant to punish
A very high import tax used as punishment.
Примеры
- The government threatened a punitive tariff on steel imports.
- A punitive tariff could raise prices for consumers.
- Businesses lobbied against the punitive tariff, warning of retaliation.
punitive tax
1/pjˈunətɪv tˈæks/
fixed phrase
formal
Tax seen as harsh punishment
A very high tax that feels like punishment.
Примеры
- Opponents called it a punitive tax on homeowners.
- The proposal includes a punitive tax on single-use plastics.
- Supporters argued the punitive tax would reduce harmful behavior.