Required Companion / Valency
What companion does this word require?
Maana
The required or typical partners of a verb, adjective, noun, or expression: object, preposition, case, clause, infinitive, or complement.
Jinsi ya kuitambua
Ask what the word needs after or around it to be complete and natural.
Mifano
depend on|listen to|ask for|interested in
wait for someone|good at something|help someone do
She depends on her friends.
Visual guide
some words open slots depend → on + someone listen → to + someone slot filled = natural She depends on her friends.
COMPARE SLOTS English: depend + on + someone Other: depend + case/object Companion type may be: preposition | case object | clause infinitive
Mtazamo wa lugha
Katika lugha yako
Many Arabic words require specific complements, prepositions, cases or clause types.
انتظرتُ الحافلةَ.
I waited the bus.
Katika lugha unayojifunza
Many verbs and expressions require specific cases, postpositions or complement patterns.
সে আমার কথা শুনল।
He/she listened to my words.
Learners may know a verb but use the wrong companion marker or case.
Same block, different coding
Both languages use this block strongly, but they signal it differently. Focus on form changes, not only meaning.