Required Companion / Valency
What companion does this word require?
Maana
The required or typical partners of a verb, adjective, noun, or expression: object, preposition, case, clause, infinitive, or complement.
Jinsi ya kuitambua
Ask what the word needs after or around it to be complete and natural.
Mifano
depend on|listen to|ask for|interested in
wait for someone|good at something|help someone do
She depends on her friends.
Visual guide
some words open slots depend → on + someone listen → to + someone slot filled = natural She depends on her friends.
COMPARE SLOTS English: depend + on + someone Other: depend + case/object Companion type may be: preposition | case object | clause infinitive
Mtazamo wa lugha
Katika lugha yako ya kwanza
English verbs, adjectives, and nouns often require specific companions such as objects, prepositions, or infinitives.
depend on someone
on = required companion
Katika lugha unayojifunza
Spanish verbs and adjectives often require specific prepositions, clitics, infinitives, or subjunctive clauses.
depender de, ayudar a, esperar que venga
depend on, help to, hope that he/she comes
Learners often learn the verb meaning but not its required companions.
Same block, different coding
Both languages use this block strongly, but they signal it differently. Focus on form changes, not only meaning.