F01
booster
Information structure
Focus
Spotlight / Focus
What is the most important new information?
intermediate
Focus
Emphasis
Cleft
Contrastive focus
பொருள்
The part of the message that carries the main emphasis, contrast, correction, or answer to the current question.
இதைக் கண்டறிவது எப்படி
Ask which part would be stressed or corrected in context.
எடுத்துக்காட்டுகள்
சொற்கள்
only|even|it was|not X but Y
சொற்றொடர்கள்
it was Anna who|ANNA did it|only Peter
வாக்கியம்
Anna bought the book, not Peter.
Visual guide
Basic shape
Message = background + focus Who bought the book? background: bought the book FOCUS: Anna Anna bought the book. = Anna, not Peter
Compare shape
Same focus, many shapes Stress: ANNA did it Cleft: it was Anna who... Particle: only Peter Contrast: not X but Y Word order/focus slot may mark it Task: find the spotlight
மொழிப் பார்வை
உங்கள் தாய்மொழியில்
ஆங்கிலம்
இருப்பு நிலை
strong
முக்கியத்துவம்
English uses stress, cleft sentences, fronting, and context to mark focus.
It was John who called.
John = focused information
நீங்கள் கற்கும் மொழியில்
ஸ்பானிஷ்
இருப்பு நிலை
strong
சிரம நிலை
Focus can be shown through stress, word order, clefting, and focus expressions.
Fue Ana quien llamó.
It was Ana who called.
கற்பவர்கள் பொதுவாகச் சந்திக்கும் சிக்கல்
Learners may miss that changing position or stress changes what is emphasized.
Same block, different coding
Both languages use this block strongly, but they signal it differently. Focus on form changes, not only meaning.