liberalism
gb/lˈɪbɚəlˌɪzəm/ us/lˈɪbɚəlˌɪzəm/
B2
Angličtina
~ 9300
Významy
0 významů
Podstatné jméno
B2
entity
1
modern center‑left political ideology
A political idea that says people should have strong rights and freedoms, and that the government should help make society fair and equal through laws and programs.
Vzorec užití:
support [liberalism] in [country/society]
Častá chyba:
Learners sometimes confuse "liberalism" with "liberty." "Liberty" means freedom itself, while "liberalism" is a political philosophy about how society and government should protect and organize that freedom. Learners also sometimes think liberalism always means the same thing in every country; however, in some places it is closer to 'center-left', while in others it may be closer to 'centrist' or 'classical' ideas.
Synonyma
progressivism (Often used in the US for socially reformist, left-leaning politics; sometimes more focused on rapid change than liberalism in general.)
|
center-left politics (Describes political position on the left side of the center; less about the philosophy, more about where it sits on the political spectrum.)
Antonyma
conservatism (Favours tradition, stability, and slower change, and is usually more skeptical of government-led social reform.)
Kolokace
modern liberalism
|rise of liberalism
|liberalism and democracy
|support for liberalism
|critics of liberalism
|spread of liberalism
Témata
politics
|society
|law
|relationships
Příklady
- Liberalism in many Western countries supports both free elections and strong protections for individual rights.
- Her book traces the history of liberalism from the French Revolution to modern welfare states.
- The party shifted away from strict liberalism and adopted a more nationalist message.
- Debates over immigration have revealed deep divisions inside modern liberalism.
- In American politics, liberalism is often associated with expanding healthcare and civil rights protections.
Učební příklady
- Liberalism says that all people should have the same basic rights.
- Many students at the university support liberalism and social change.
- Liberalism often supports laws to protect minorities.
- In this country, liberalism is strong in big cities.
- The article explains the main ideas of liberalism in simple words.
Podstatné jméno
technical
C1
entity
2
economic free‑market liberalism
An economic idea that says markets should be as free as possible, with little control from the government, so that trade and business can grow.
Vzorec užití:
promote [economic liberalism] in [policy/region]
Častá chyba:
Learners may confuse this sense with general political liberalism. Economic liberalism is specifically about markets, trade, and the role of the state in the economy, not about all social or cultural issues. It can also overlap with, but is not identical to, "neoliberalism," which is a more recent and often critical term.
Synonyma
laissez-faire (Stresses an even more hands-off role for government than many forms of economic liberalism; often used critically.)
|
free-market capitalism (Focuses on the market system itself rather than the wider philosophical tradition of liberalism.)
Antonyma
protectionism (Supports tariffs and trade barriers, opposing the open markets favored by economic liberalism.)
Kolokace
economic liberalism
|classical liberalism
|market liberalism
|liberalism and free trade
|liberalism in economic policy
|challenge to economic liberalism
Témata
economics
|politics
|finance
|business
Příklady
- Economic liberalism argues that open competition and free trade lead to greater prosperity for all.
- The reforms of the 1990s moved the country away from state planning and toward economic liberalism.
- Critics say that unchecked liberalism in financial markets contributed to the global crisis.
- Economic liberalism tends to resist strict labor regulations and price controls.
- International institutions often promote economic liberalism through trade agreements and privatization programs.
Učební příklady
- Economic liberalism prefers low taxes and few rules for business.
- Many economists believe that economic liberalism helps trade grow.
- Some people say economic liberalism increases inequality.
- The new government introduced policies based on economic liberalism.
- Economic liberalism supports free trade between countries.
Podstatné jméno
formal
C1
property
3
general open‑minded, tolerant attitude
A way of thinking that is open to new ideas and different people, and does not strongly judge or limit them.
Vzorec užití:
show [liberalism] toward [ideas/people]
Častá chyba:
Learners may not realize that "liberalism" can be used in a broader, non-party-political way to describe an open and tolerant spirit. They might incorrectly assume it always refers to a formal political ideology or a specific political party.
Synonyma
open-mindedness (Common everyday word; focuses on being ready to consider new ideas without the political background of 'liberalism'.)
|
tolerance (Stresses accepting different beliefs or behaviors; can be narrower than the broader mental flexibility implied by 'liberalism'.)
Antonyma
intolerance (Refusal to accept different opinions or ways of life, opposite to the accepting attitude of liberalism in this sense.)
Kolokace
intellectual liberalism
|religious liberalism
|a spirit of liberalism
|cultural liberalism
|liberalism of thought
|liberalism and tolerance
Témata
society
|values
|emotions
|relationships
|core_vocabulary
Příklady
- The university prided itself on a tradition of intellectual liberalism and free debate.
- His liberalism in matters of religion shocked the more conservative members of the community.
- Artistic liberalism flourished in the city, attracting writers and painters from across the region.
- Despite the country's growing liberalism, some social taboos remain very strong.
- Her parents showed remarkable liberalism in allowing their children to choose their own paths.
Učební příklady
- Her liberalism made it easy for her to accept new ideas.
- There is more liberalism in this city than in the countryside.
- The teacher’s liberalism lets students speak very freely.
- Religious liberalism is growing among young people.
- Intellectual liberalism helps new science ideas spread.
Gramatika
Slovníkový tvar
liberalism
IPA
GB/lˈɪbɚəlˌɪzəm/
US/lˈɪbɚəlˌɪzəm/
Slabiky a přízvuk
lib - er - al - ism (4 slabiky)
Stress on 1st syllable (lib)
Tvary slova
Noun
- Base: liberalism
- Plural: liberalism
Příbuzná slova
Core family
Related words
Negative and opposite forms
illiberal
adjective
illiberalism
noun
Advanced or less common
Výrazy
classical liberalism
1/klˈæsɪkəl lˈɪbɚəlˌɪzəm/
fixed phrase
formal
19th‑century style free‑market liberalism
A type of liberalism that strongly supports personal freedom, small government, and very free markets.
Příklady
- Classical liberalism argues that the state should only protect basic rights and enforce contracts.
- Many economists in the nineteenth century were strong supporters of classical liberalism.
- The party’s platform mixes classical liberalism in economics with more conservative social views.
economic liberalism
1/ˌɛkənˈɑmɪk lˈɪbɚəlˌɪzəm/
fixed phrase
formal
free‑market approach to the economy
An economic view that says markets should be open and free, with little control from the government.
Příklady
- Economic liberalism influenced many privatization programs in the 1980s and 1990s.
- Critics argue that economic liberalism has increased inequality within and between countries.
- Economic liberalism favors low trade barriers and strong protection of private property.
liberalism and conservatism
1/lˈɪbɚəlˌɪzəm ˈænd kənsˈɚvətˌɪzəm/
fixed phrase
the liberal–conservative divide
A common way to talk about the two main, opposite political ideas in many countries: liberalism and conservatism.
Příklady
- The course explores liberalism and conservatism as the two main traditions in Western politics.
- New parties challenge the old divide between liberalism and conservatism.
- Her research examines how young voters understand liberalism and conservatism today.
modern liberalism
1/mˈɑdɚn lˈɪbɚəlˌɪzəm/
fixed phrase
contemporary socially oriented liberalism
Liberalism as it is understood today, usually supporting civil rights and a larger role for government in helping people.
Příklady
- Modern liberalism tends to support public healthcare and strong anti-discrimination laws.
- The book contrasts classical liberalism with modern liberalism in the United States.
- Modern liberalism combines support for markets with a belief in social safety nets.
political liberalism
1/pəlˈɪtɪkəl lˈɪbɚəlˌɪzəm/
fixed phrase
formal
liberalism about rights and democracy
A kind of liberalism that mainly talks about how the state should protect rights and run fair, democratic government.
Příklady
- Political liberalism insists on free elections, free speech, and the rule of law.
- The author claims that political liberalism can be accepted by people with many different moral beliefs.
- Debates about political liberalism often center on the limits of state power.
social liberalism
1/sˈoʊʃəl lˈɪbɚəlˌɪzəm/
fixed phrase
formal
liberalism focused on social welfare
A type of liberalism that supports strong rights and freedoms but also wants the government to help poor or weak groups in society.
Příklady
- Social liberalism accepts a market economy but calls for welfare programs to protect the vulnerable.
- The party moved from classical liberalism toward social liberalism in the early twentieth century.
- Her policies are best described as social liberalism with a strong concern for human rights.