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Gramatika
Verbs and tense A1 A2

Have and have got

Express possession, relationships, features, availability, and common everyday meanings with have and have got.

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Zatím zobrazujeme původní lekci v angličtině.
Vizuální přehled

Have and have got: one connection, two roads

Holder-connection picture

[HOLDER] ── current link ──► [thing/person/feature/problem]

For this picture, choose ONE road:

[holder-connection]
        │
        ├─ HAVE road  (also works in more meanings)
        │  I have a bike.
        │  questions/negatives: do/does + have
        │  Do you have your passport?
        │
        └─ HAVE GOT road  (often spoken; this picture only)
           I've got a bike.
           questions/negatives: have/has + got
           Have you got your passport?
           got = part of this form, not a new action

Crossed roads:
✗ Do you have got your key?

Think holder → connected thing; choose the have road or the have got road, but do not mix the helpers.

Introduction

What have and have got do

Have and have got often show that a person, place, or thing is connected to something now. They can mean possession, relationship, a feature, or something available. I have a bike. I've got a bike. In these two sentences, the meaning is almost the same. She has two brothers shows a relationship. The flat has a balcony shows a feature. Use have when you want the safest general form. Use have got mainly in present-time everyday speech, especially when the meaning is own, hold, include, or be available.
Core Gramatika A1 Slovní zásoba A1 Neutral

I have a bike.

Have is the safe general verb for possession.

Stavební prvky

Čtěte větu po významových celcích, ne slovo po slově.

I have
possession frame
A simple present frame for possession or connection.
Učte se jako jeden celek
a bike
thing possessed
The thing connected to the subject.
Spoken Gramatika A1 Slovní zásoba A1 Informal

I've got a bike.

Have got often has the same present possession meaning as have.

Stavební prvky

Čtěte větu po významových celcích, ne slovo po slově.

I've got
present possession frame
A common spoken frame for present possession or connection.
Učte se jako jeden celek
a bike
thing possessed
The thing connected to the subject.
Core Gramatika A1 Slovní zásoba A1 Neutral

She has two brothers.

Have can describe family relationships.

Stavební prvky

Čtěte větu po významových celcích, ne slovo po slově.

She has
relationship frame
A simple present frame for a relationship or connection.
Učte se jako jeden celek
two brothers
related people
The people connected to the subject.
Core Gramatika A1 Slovní zásoba A2 Neutral

The flat has a balcony.

Have can show that a place includes a feature.

Stavební prvky

Čtěte větu po významových celcích, ne slovo po slově.

The flat has
feature frame
A frame for saying what feature a place includes.
Učte se jako jeden celek
a balcony
feature
The feature included in the place.
Core logic

The holder and the connected thing

Have does not always mean legal ownership. It often means inside my life, with me, or part of this thing. We have tickets for the show means the tickets are available to us. He has a cold means the illness is with him now, not that he owns it. This bag has three pockets means the pockets are features of the bag. Have got can do the same job in the present: we've got tickets, he's got a cold, it's got three pockets. The main idea is a present connection between a holder and what is held, included, or available.
Core Gramatika A1 Slovní zásoba A1 Neutral

We have tickets for the show.

Have can mean that something is available, not only owned.

Stavební prvky

Čtěte větu po významových celcích, ne slovo po slově.

We have
availability frame
A frame for saying something is available to us.
Učte se jako jeden celek
tickets for the show
available item
The thing available to the subject.
Core Gramatika A1 Slovní zásoba A1 Neutral

He has a cold.

Have can describe an illness that is with someone now.

Stavební prvky

Čtěte větu po významových celcích, ne slovo po slově.

He has
state frame
A frame for a present state connected to a person.
Učte se jako jeden celek
a cold
illness
A common illness used with have.
Core Gramatika A1 Slovní zásoba A1 Neutral

This bag has three pockets.

Have can show parts or features of a thing.

Stavební prvky

Čtěte větu po významových celcích, ne slovo po slově.

This bag has
feature frame
A frame for features of an object.
Učte se jako jeden celek
three pockets
included parts
Parts included in the object.
Cognitive metaphor

A useful picture: the holder circle

Think of have as drawing a small circle around the subject. Things inside the circle belong to the subject, are available to it, or describe it. The circle can contain people, objects, time, problems, illnesses, or features. Have got draws the same circle, but it sounds more like everyday present speech. This image helps with non-object meanings: a person can have time, a city can have many parks, and a phone can have a good camera. The subject is the holder; the noun after have is what sits inside the holder's circle.
Core pattern

Keep the two form families separate

The two systems use different helpers. With have, use do or does for present simple questions and negatives: I don't have a car. Do you have your passport? With have got, the helper is have or has itself: I haven't got a car. Have you got your passport? Do not put do and got together. For he, she, and it, use has: she has, she has got, she hasn't got. In speech, contractions are normal: I've got, we've got, he's got. In careful writing, full forms are also fine.
Negative Gramatika A1 Slovní zásoba A1 Neutral

I don't have a car.

Use don't have for a present negative with have.

Stavební prvky

Čtěte větu po významových celcích, ne slovo po slově.

I don't have
negative have frame
The normal negative frame with have.
Učte se jako jeden celek
a car
thing not possessed
The thing that is not connected to the subject.
Negative Gramatika A1 Slovní zásoba A1 Informal

I haven't got a car.

Haven't got gives the same present negative possession meaning.

Stavební prvky

Čtěte větu po významových celcích, ne slovo po slově.

I haven't got
negative have got frame
The normal negative frame with have got.
Učte se jako jeden celek
a car
thing not possessed
The thing that is not connected to the subject.
Question Gramatika A1 Slovní zásoba A1 Neutral

Do you have your passport?

Use do before the subject in questions with have.

Stavební prvky

Čtěte větu po významových celcích, ne slovo po slově.

Do you have
question have frame
The normal yes/no question frame with have.
Učte se jako jeden celek
your passport
thing asked about
The thing that may be with the listener.
Question Gramatika A1 Slovní zásoba A1 Informal

Have you got your passport?

With have got, have moves before the subject to make a question.

Stavební prvky

Čtěte větu po významových celcích, ne slovo po slově.

Have you got
question have got frame
The normal yes/no question frame with have got.
Učte se jako jeden celek
your passport
thing asked about
The thing that may be with the listener.
Form variations

Contractions, third person, and short answers

Affirmatives are simple: subject + have or has + noun, or subject + have or has got + noun. The got form usually contracts after pronouns and names in speech: I've got, you've got, we've got, they've got, Tom's got. Negatives split into two clear families: don't or doesn't have, and haven't or hasn't got. Questions also split: Do or Does + subject + have...?, and Have or Has + subject + got...? Short answers follow the first word of the question: use do or don't for do-questions, and have or haven't for have got questions.
Question Gramatika A1 Slovní zásoba A2 Informal

Has she got a laptop?

Use has, not have, before he, she, or it in have got questions.

Stavební prvky

Čtěte větu po významových celcích, ne slovo po slově.

Has she got
third-person have got question frame
The question frame for she, he, or it with have got.
Učte se jako jeden celek
a laptop
thing asked about
The thing that may be connected to the subject.
Question Gramatika A1 Slovní zásoba A2 Neutral

Does she have a laptop?

After does, use the base form have, not has.

Stavební prvky

Čtěte větu po významových celcích, ne slovo po slově.

Does she have
third-person have question frame
The question frame for she, he, or it with have.
Učte se jako jeden celek
a laptop
thing asked about
The thing that may be connected to the subject.
Sentence xray

Sentence X-ray: questions and negatives

X-ray the question Have you got any cash? Have opens the question because this is the have got system. You names the holder. Got completes the possession expression. Any cash is the thing that may or may not be available. X-ray the negative She doesn't have any cash. Doesn't is the negative helper because this is the have system. Have stays in the base form after doesn't; do not say doesn't has. Any is common in negatives and yes/no questions with plural or uncountable nouns: any cash, any time, any tickets.
Question Gramatika A1 Slovní zásoba A1 Informal

Have you got any cash?

Any is natural in yes/no questions about money, time, or other uncountable nouns.

Stavební prvky

Čtěte větu po významových celcích, ne slovo po slově.

Have you got
availability question frame
A reusable spoken frame for asking if something is available now.
Učte se jako jeden celek
any cash
thing asked about
Any is common in questions with uncountable nouns.
Negative Gramatika A1 Slovní zásoba A1 Neutral

She doesn't have any cash.

After doesn't, use have, not has.

Stavební prvky

Čtěte větu po významových celcích, ne slovo po slově.

She doesn't have
negative third-person have frame
A reusable negative frame for she, he, or it with have.
Učte se jako jeden celek
any cash
thing not available
Any is common in negatives with uncountable nouns.
Contrast

Have is wider than have got

Have is the wider verb. Use it for past, future, and repeated actions. I had a bike last year. I'll have more time tomorrow. Have got normally talks about the present, so it is not the usual choice with yesterday, last year, tomorrow, or will. Also use have, not have got, for many everyday actions and events: We have dinner at seven. Here have means eat, not possess. The same is true in have a shower, have a meeting, have a party, and have a good time. These action meanings usually need do-questions and don't-negatives.
Contrast Gramatika A2 Slovní zásoba A1 Neutral

I had a bike last year.

Use had, not have got, for past possession.

Stavební prvky

Čtěte větu po významových celcích, ne slovo po slově.

I had
past possession frame
The past form of have for past possession or connection.
Učte se jako jeden celek
a bike last year
past thing and time
The thing and the past time.
Contrast Gramatika A2 Slovní zásoba A1 Neutral

I'll have more time tomorrow.

Use will have for future availability.

Stavební prvky

Čtěte větu po významových celcích, ne slovo po slově.

I'll have
future availability frame
A future frame with have.
Učte se jako jeden celek
more time tomorrow
future available thing
What will be available and when.
Contrast Gramatika A1 Slovní zásoba A1 Neutral

We have dinner at seven.

Use have, not have got, for meals and similar action expressions.

Stavební prvky

Čtěte větu po významových celcích, ne slovo po slově.

We have dinner
action expression
A common have expression where have means eat, not possess.
Učte se jako jeden celek
at seven
time
The time of the action.
Danger zone

Common confusions to avoid

Do not confuse have got for possession with have got to for obligation. I've got a ticket means a ticket is with me or belongs to me. I've got to leave now means I must leave now. The small word to changes the meaning. Also, do not mix the two question systems. Do you have got your key? is a common mistake because do belongs with have, not have got. Say one clean pattern: Do you have...? or Have you got...? In formal or international English, Do you have...? is often the safest question form.
Mistake Gramatika A1 Slovní zásoba A1 Neutral

Do you have got your key?

This mixes the do-question system with the have got system.

Corrected Gramatika A1 Slovní zásoba A1 Neutral

Do you have your key?

Use do with have, without got.

Stavební prvky

Čtěte větu po významových celcích, ne slovo po slově.

Do you have
correct have question
The correct question frame with have.
Učte se jako jeden celek
your key
thing asked about
The thing that may be with the listener.
Summary

The practical rule

Use have as the safe, flexible verb for possession, relationships, features, availability, actions, past, and future. Use have got for present possession, relationships, features, illnesses, problems, and available things in everyday speech. Keep the families separate: have uses do, does, don't, and doesn't; have got uses have, has, haven't, and hasn't. Remember the three big boundaries: have got is normally present only; have got to means obligation; action expressions like have lunch and have a meeting use have, not have got. If you are unsure, choose have.
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