The speaker's attitudes and intentions
Source of knowledge
How the speaker knows
How does the speaker know?
Σημασία
A signal that marks whether information is seen, heard, inferred, assumed, reported, remembered, or generally known.
Πώς να το αναγνωρίζετε
Ask whether the sentence shows the source of knowledge.
Visual guide
claim: the train is late
^
evidence layer:
how does speaker know?
I heard / it seems / apparently
Apparently, the train is late.