Quoted / Reported Speech
Direct speech
Indirect speech
Reported speech
Who said or thought it?
advanced
advanced
Information structure
Σημασία
A structure that reports speech, thought, belief, command, or question directly or indirectly.
Πώς να το αναγνωρίζετε
Ask whose words or thoughts are being represented.
Παραδείγματα
Λέξεις
said|told|asked|thought|quoted
Φράσεις
he said that|she asked if|according to him
Πρόταση
She said that she was tired.
Visual guide
Basic shape
SPEAKER / THINKER
She said [that she was tired].
[reported thought]
Ask: whose words?
→ She represents them.
Compare shape
Direct quote: She said, "I am tired." Indirect report: She said [that she was tired]. Check shifts: I→she, am→was.
Προβολή ανά γλώσσα
Στη γλώσσα σας
Japanese
Παρουσία
strong
Σημασία
Reported speech commonly uses the quotative particle と and speech verbs.
彼女は疲れたと言った。
She said that she was tired.
Στη γλώσσα που μαθαίνετε
Korean (South Korean standard)
Παρουσία
strong
Δυσκολία
Reported speech uses quotation endings such as -다고, -라고, -냐고, -자고 before a reporting verb.
그가 온다고 했어요.
He said that he is coming.
Συνηθισμένη δυσκολία μαθητών
Learners often omit the correct quotation ending or use one form for statements, questions, and commands.
Same block, different coding
Both languages use this block strongly, but they signal it differently. Focus on form changes, not only meaning.