A02
core
Scene core
Participant roles
Actor / Source
Who or what starts the event?
basic
Subject
Agent
Causer
معنا
The participant that acts, causes, initiates, controls, or is presented as the source of an event.
چطور آن را تشخیص دهید
Ask who is doing, causing, or starting the event.
نمونهها
واژهها
I|Peter|the dog|the machine|the wind
عبارتها
the teacher explains|the wind opens
جمله
The dog bit the postman.
Visual guide
Basic shape
ACTOR / SOURCE who starts the event? [the dog] -> bit -> postman [the wind] -> opens [the teacher] -> explains = doer/causer/source
Compare shape
Actor clues may differ order: [dog] bit postman case: [dog-NOM/ERG] agreement: dog -> verb pronoun form: I / me topic: [dog-TOP] voice: by [dog] role = event starter
نمای زبان
در زبان مادری شما
فارسی
میزان حضور
strong
اهمیت
Actors are usually before the verb, and the verb agrees with the subject.
من چای میخورم.
I tea eat.
در زبانی که یاد میگیرید
انگلیسی
میزان حضور
strong
دشواری
In basic English clauses, the actor is usually before the verb and can trigger subject-verb agreement.
She opened the door.
she = the actor/source
چالش رایج زبانآموزان
Learners from flexible word-order languages may move the actor too freely or omit required subjects.
Same block, different coding
Both languages use this block strongly, but they signal it differently. Focus on form changes, not only meaning.