Participants, events and states
Roles of participants
Doer or cause
Who or what makes it happen?
agent
subject
passive
معنا
The doer or cause is the person or thing that carries out an action or makes something happen. It can be a person acting on purpose or something such as wind bringing about a change. Languages show this role through word order, endings, or context, and not all have a special marker for it. Cause explains why something happens, while this block identifies who or what brings it about.
چطور آن را تشخیص دهید
Ask who carries out the action or what brings about the event, rather than assuming it is the first person or thing mentioned.