Target / Affected One
Who or what is affected by the event?
معنا
The participant that receives the action, changes, is moved, is created, is consumed, or is otherwise affected.
چطور آن را تشخیص دهید
Ask what the action hits, changes, moves, creates, or concerns.
نمونهها
apple|door|letter|problem|him|Mary
eat an apple|open the door|solve the problem
The girl opened the door.
Visual guide
TARGET / AFFECTED ONE what is affected? Actor -> event -> [Target] girl -> opened -> [door] eat -> [apple] solve -> [problem] = affected/changed thing
Target clues may differ order: girl opened [door] case: [door-ACC] marker: OBJ-[door] clitic: opened-[it] agreement: verb -> door context: door understood role = affected one
نمای زبان
در زبان شما
Specific direct objects commonly take را, while many indefinite objects do not.
کتاب را خواندم.
book RA I-read.
در زبان در حال یادگیری
Targets are commonly accusative in formal MSA and can also appear as attached object pronouns.
قرأَت الطالبةُ الكتابَ.
The student read the book.
Learners may miss accusative endings or attach object pronouns incorrectly.
Same block, different coding
Both languages use this block strongly, but they signal it differently. Focus on form changes, not only meaning.