Agar proses belajar menjadi seefisien mungkin, daftar kata kerja tidak beraturan tradisional telah kami susun ulang sepenuhnya.
Pertama, urutan alfabetis ditinggalkan dan 200 kata kerja teratas disusun ketat berdasarkan seberapa sering digunakan dalam percakapan sehari-hari. Artinya, kata-kata paling penting dipelajari terlebih dahulu.
Kedua, semuanya dikelompokkan ke dalam empat pola fonetik yang logis. Alih-alih menghafal mati-matian, otak akan lebih alami mengenali struktur rima dan perubahan vokal. Berikut empat pola yang akan dibahas:
- Grup 1: Kata Kerja Identik (A-A-A) – Ketiga bentuknya persis sama.
- Grup 2: Yang Kembali ke Bentuk Dasar (A-B-A) – Bentuk past participle kembali ke bentuk dasar.
- Grup 3: Setengah Berubah (A-B-B) – Bentuk past simple dan past participle sama.
- Grup 4: Pengubah Bentuk (A-B-C) – Ketiga bentuknya benar-benar berbeda.
Mari masuk ke daftar utama berbasis frekuensi ini!
* Kata kerja yang diberi tanda bintang bersifat formal, sastra, atau sangat spesifik. Pemula dapat melewatinya dulu dengan aman!
1. Kata kerja identik (pola A-A-A)
Ketiga bentuknya sama.
| Bentuk Dasar (V1) | Past Simple (V2) | Past Participle (V3) | Arti |
| put | put | put | menaruh, meletakkan |
| let | let | let | membiarkan, mengizinkan |
| set | set | set | mengatur, menempatkan |
| cut | cut | cut | memotong |
| cost | cost | cost | berharga, memerlukan biaya |
| read | read | read | membaca |
| hit | hit | hit | memukul |
| shut | shut | shut | menutup |
| hurt | hurt | hurt | terasa sakit, menyakiti |
| quit | quit | quit | berhenti, keluar |
| spread | spread | spread | menyebarkan, mengoleskan |
| split | split | split | membagi, membelah |
| fit | fit | fit | cocok, pas |
| bet | bet | bet | bertaruh |
| burst | burst | burst | meledak, pecah |
| upset | upset | upset | membuat kesal, menjungkirbalikkan |
| broadcast | broadcast | broadcast | menyiarkan |
| preset * | preset | preset | mengatur sebelumnya |
| cast * | cast | cast | melempar, menebarkan |
| shed * | shed | shed | menggugurkan, menumpahkan |
| thrust * | thrust | thrust | mendorong kuat, menyodorkan |
| rid * | rid | rid | membebaskan |
| slit * | slit | slit | menyayat, membelah |
| knit * | knit | knit | merajut |
2. Kata kerja yang kembali ke bentuk dasar (pola A-B-A)
Bentuk past participle (V3) sama dengan bentuk dasar.
| Bentuk Dasar (V1) | Past Simple (V2) | Past Participle (V3) | Arti |
| come | came | come | datang |
| become | became | become | menjadi |
| run | ran | run | berlari |
| overcome | overcame | overcome | mengatasi, menaklukkan |
| outrun * | outran | outrun | berlari lebih cepat dari, melampaui |
3. Kata kerja dengan past simple dan past participle yang sama (pola A-B-B)
Bentuk past simple (V2) dan past participle (V3) sama.
| Bentuk Dasar (V1) | Past Simple (V2) | Past Participle (V3) | Arti |
| have | had | had | memiliki, mempunyai |
| make | made | made | membuat |
| say | said | said | mengatakan |
| get | got | got / gotten | mendapatkan, memperoleh, menjadi |
| think | thought | thought | berpikir, mengira |
| find | found | found | menemukan |
| tell | told | told | memberi tahu, menceritakan |
| feel | felt | felt | merasa |
| leave | left | left | meninggalkan, pergi |
| bring | brought | brought | membawa |
| buy | bought | bought | membeli |
| hear | heard | heard | mendengar |
| keep | kept | kept | menjaga, menyimpan |
| meet | met | met | bertemu |
| pay | paid | paid | membayar |
| stand | stood | stood | berdiri |
| hold | held | held | memegang |
| understand | understood | understood | memahami |
| mean | meant | meant | berarti, bermaksud |
| win | won | won | menang |
| lead | led | led | memimpin, mengarahkan |
| catch | caught | caught | menangkap |
| sit | sat | sat | duduk |
| lose | lost | lost | kehilangan, kalah |
| sell | sold | sold | menjual |
| send | sent | sent | mengirim |
| build | built | built | membangun |
| spend | spent | spent | menghabiskan, menggunakan waktu |
| teach | taught | taught | mengajar |
| sleep | slept | slept | tidur |
| shoot | shot | shot | menembak |
| lay | laid | laid | membaringkan, meletakkan |
| fight | fought | fought | bertarung, berkelahi |
| deal | dealt | dealt | berurusan, membagikan |
| feed | fed | fed | memberi makan |
| seek | sought | sought | mencari |
| burn | burnt | burnt | terbakar, membakar |
| learn | learnt | learnt | belajar |
| dream | dreamt | dreamt | bermimpi |
| smell | smelt | smelt | mencium bau, berbau |
| spell | spelt | spelt | mengeja |
| spill | spilt | spilt | menumpahkan |
| spoil | spoilt | spoilt | merusak, memanjakan |
| leap | leapt | leapt | melompat |
| hang | hung | hung | tergantung, menggantungkan |
| light | lit | lit | menyalakan, menerangi |
| shine | shone | shone | bersinar |
| slide | slid | slid | meluncur |
| spin | spun | spun | berputar, memutar |
| spit | spat | spat | meludah |
| stick | stuck | stuck | menempel, menusuk |
| sting | stung | stung | menyengat, menusuk |
| strike | struck | struck | memukul, menyerang |
| sweep | swept | swept | menyapu |
| swing | swung | swung | berayun |
| wind | wound | wound | memutar, menggulung |
| bend | bent | bent | membengkokkan |
| dig | dug | dug | menggali |
| speed | sped | sped | bergegas, melaju terlalu cepat |
| rebuild | rebuilt | rebuilt | membangun kembali |
| resell | resold | resold | menjual kembali |
| remake | remade | remade | membuat ulang |
| retell | retold | retold | menceritakan kembali |
| oversleep | overslept | overslept | kesiangan, terlambat bangun |
| misunderstand | misunderstood | misunderstood | salah paham |
| mislead | misled | misled | menyesatkan |
| overhear | overheard | overheard | menguping, tak sengaja mendengar |
| overthink | overthought | overthought | terlalu banyak memikirkan |
| rethink | rethought | rethought | memikirkan kembali |
| resend | resent | resent | mengirim ulang |
| rewind | rewound | rewound | memutar balik |
| kneel * | knelt | knelt | berlutut |
| weep * | wept | wept | menangis |
| wring * | wrung | wrung | memeras |
| bind * | bound | bound | mengikat, menyatukan |
| bleed * | bled | bled | berdarah |
| breed * | bred | bred | membiakkan |
| cling * | clung | clung | berpegang erat, bergantung |
| creep * | crept | crept | merayap, menyelinap |
| flee * | fled | fled | melarikan diri |
| fling * | flung | flung | melempar |
| grind * | ground | ground | menggiling |
| uphold * | upheld | upheld | mempertahankan, mendukung |
| withhold * | withheld | withheld | menahan |
| underpay * | underpaid | underpaid | membayar terlalu rendah |
| overpay * | overpaid | overpaid | membayar terlalu mahal |
| prepay * | prepaid | prepaid | membayar di muka |
| outsell * | outsold | outsold | menjual lebih banyak dari |
| overfeed * | overfed | overfed | memberi makan terlalu banyak |
| relay * | relaid | relaid | memasang kembali, meneruskan |
| unbind * | unbound | unbound | melepaskan ikatan |
| unwind * | unwound | unwound | terurai, bersantai |
| unlearn * | unlearnt | unlearnt | melupakan hal yang sudah dipelajari |
4. Kata kerja yang sepenuhnya tidak beraturan (pola A-B-C)
Ketiga bentuknya berbeda.
| Bentuk Dasar (V1) | Past Simple (V2) | Past Participle (V3) | Arti |
| be | was / were | been | ada, eksis |
| do | did | done | melakukan, mengerjakan |
| go | went | gone | pergi |
| see | saw | seen | melihat |
| know | knew | known | tahu, mengenal |
| take | took | taken | mengambil, membawa, memegang |
| give | gave | given | memberi |
| write | wrote | written | menulis |
| speak | spoke | spoken | berbicara |
| drive | drove | driven | mengemudi |
| break | broke | broken | memecahkan, patah |
| fall | fell | fallen | jatuh |
| eat | ate | eaten | makan |
| choose | chose | chosen | memilih |
| draw | drew | drawn | menggambar, menarik |
| grow | grew | grown | tumbuh, menumbuhkan |
| fly | flew | flown | terbang |
| wear | wore | worn | memakai |
| throw | threw | thrown | melempar |
| show | showed | shown | menunjukkan |
| begin | began | begun | memulai |
| drink | drank | drunk | minum |
| swim | swam | swum | berenang |
| ring | rang | rung | berdering |
| sing | sang | sung | bernyanyi |
| sink | sank | sunk | tenggelam |
| wake | woke | woken | bangun, membangunkan |
| hide | hid | hidden | menyembunyikan |
| ride | rode | ridden | menunggang, naik |
| rise | rose | risen | naik, meningkat |
| steal | stole | stolen | mencuri |
| tear | tore | torn | merobek |
| swear | swore | sworn | bersumpah, mengumpat |
| bite | bit | bitten | menggigit |
| blow | blew | blown | meniup |
| forget | forgot | forgotten | lupa, melupakan |
| forgive | forgave | forgiven | memaafkan |
| freeze | froze | frozen | membekukan, membeku |
| mistake | mistook | mistaken | keliru, salah mengira |
| forbid | forbade | forbidden | melarang |
| shake | shook | shaken | mengguncang, mengocok |
| shrink | shrank | shrunk | menyusut |
| spring | sprang | sprung | meloncat, memantul |
| withdraw | withdrew | withdrawn | menarik kembali |
| undertake | undertook | undertaken | menyanggupi, mengambil tanggung jawab |
| overtake | overtook | overtaken | menyalip, melampaui |
| oversee | oversaw | overseen | mengawasi |
| foresee | foresaw | foreseen | melihat sebelumnya, meramalkan |
| rewrite | rewrote | rewritten | menulis ulang |
| redo | redid | redone | mengerjakan ulang |
| undo | undid | undone | membatalkan, membuka |
| undergo | underwent | undergone | menjalani, mengalami |
| outgrow | outgrew | outgrown | menjadi terlalu besar untuk, melampaui |
| overdo | overdid | overdone | melakukan secara berlebihan |
| outdo | outdid | outdone | melampaui |
| prove | proved | proven | membuktikan |
| weave * | wove | woven | menenun |
| partake * | partook | partaken | ikut serta |
| misdo * | misdid | misdone | melakukan dengan salah |
| awake * | awoke | awoken | terbangun |
| bear * | bore | borne | menanggung, membawa |
| beat * | beat | beaten | memukul, mengalahkan |
| bid * | bade | bidden | menawarkan, menawar |
| forsake * | forsook | forsaken | meninggalkan, menelantarkan |
| saw * | sawed | sawn | menggergaji |
| sew * | sewed | sewn | menjahit |
| shear * | sheared | shorn | mencukur domba |
| sow * | sowed | sown | menabur benih |
| swell * | swelled | swollen | membengkak |
| thrive * | throve | thriven | berkembang, maju |
| tread * | trod | trodden | menginjak, melangkah |
Cara Menggunakan Daftar Ini Secara Efektif
Jangan mencoba menghafal semua 200 kata kerja dalam satu hari. Mulailah dari grup A-A-A dan A-B-B, karena polanya yang mudah diprediksi membuatnya sangat mudah dikuasai. Fokus terlebih dahulu pada 10–15 kata kerja teratas di setiap kategori—itulah kata-kata yang terus-menerus digunakan penutur asli. Setelah fondasi yang kuat terbentuk, lanjutkan secara bertahap ke bagian bawah daftar frekuensi.
Simpan bookmark halaman ini dan kembali kapan pun diperlukan untuk penyegaran cepat. Selamat belajar!