bum
gb/bˈʌm/ us/bˈʌm/
B1
英語
fenék, csöves, naplopó, lejmol, pocsék, rossz
名詞
B1
INFORMAL
1
fenék
A2
用法パターン：
on [someone]'s bum
I slipped on the ice and landed on my bum.
Megcsúsztam a jégen, és a fenekemre estem.
The bike seat made my bum sore after an hour.
Egy óra után fájt a fenekem a bicikliüléstől.
He plopped down on his bum and refused to move.
学習者向け例文
I fell on my bum.
A fenekemre estem.
My bum hurts from sitting.
Fáj a fenekem az üléstől.
よくある間違い：
Don’t use this word in very formal situations; use “buttocks” instead.
意味
the buttocks
コロケーション
sit on your bum
|fall on your bum
|land on your bum
|get off your bum
|kick in the bum
|pain in my bum
|cold bum
類義語
butt (Very common and informal, especially in American English.)
|
backside (Slightly more polite and common in British English.)
|
rear (More neutral/euphemistic.)
テーマ
body
|daily_life
定義
the two round parts you sit on
A person’s buttocks.
名詞
B2
SLANG
2
csöves
B2
用法パターン：
a bum (on/at/by [place])
He used to call anyone sleeping outside a bum, which I thought was harsh.
Régebben mindenkit, aki kint aludt, csövesnek nevezett, amit én durvának tartottam.
People complained about bums hanging around the station.
Az emberek panaszkodtak, hogy csövesek lézengenek az állomás környékén.
A bum asked me for spare change outside the store.
学習者向け例文
A homeless man asked for money.
Egy hajléktalan férfi pénzt kért.
よくある間違い：
Because it can sound insulting, use “homeless person” in polite conversation.
意味
a homeless person
コロケーション
a street bum
|a bum on the corner
|a bum in the park
|drunks and bums
類義語
homeless person (Neutral and preferred in polite speech.)
|
vagrant (More formal and less insulting.)
対義語
homeowner (Opposite in terms of having stable housing.)
テーマ
society
|people
定義
a homeless person (can sound rude)
A homeless person who lives by begging or sleeping in public places; often used as a negative label and can be offensive.
名詞
B2
SLANG
3
naplopó
B2
用法パターン：
a bum
Stop being a bum and help with the dishes.
Ne légy már naplopó, inkább segíts mosogatni.
He called his brother a bum for never keeping a job.
Naplopónak nevezte a bátyját, amiért az sosem tudott megtartani egy állást.
I felt like a bum after sleeping until noon.
学習者向け例文
Don’t be a bum.
Ne légy naplopó.
よくある間違い：
This is usually an insult; avoid using it to describe people you don’t know well.
意味
a lazy, worthless person
コロケーション
lazy bum
|a total bum
|such a bum
|don’t be a bum
|acting like a bum
類義語
slacker (Less harsh; focuses on avoiding work.)
|
deadbeat (Stronger; suggests not paying debts or supporting family.)
対義語
hard worker (A person who works diligently.)
|
go-getter (Someone energetic and ambitious.)
テーマ
people
|work
|emotions
定義
a lazy person (insult)
A lazy or irresponsible person, especially someone who does not work and relies on others; an insult.
動詞
B2
INFORMAL
4
lejmol
B2
用法パターン：
bum [something] (off [someone])
Can I bum a cigarette off you?
Lejmolhatok tőled egy cigit?
He’s always bumming money from his roommates.
Állandóan pénzt lejmol a lakótársaitól.
We forgot lunch, so we bummed some chips from a friend.
学習者向け例文
Can I bum a ride?
El tudnál vinni?
よくある間違い：
In this sense, “bum” is about getting things free; it doesn’t mean “sit down.”
意味
get something for free
コロケーション
bum a cigarette
|bum a smoke
|bum some cash
|bum a few bucks
|bum a ride
|bum a beer
|bum food
|bum money off a friend
類義語
cadge (More British-sounding; slightly literary/old-fashioned.)
|
scrounge (Often implies repeatedly getting things free.)
|
mooch (Suggests taking advantage of others; more negative.)
対義語
buy (To pay for something.)
|
pay (To give money in exchange.)
テーマ
daily_life
|social
|money
定義
to ask for and get something without paying
To get something from someone for free, usually by asking or borrowing casually.
B2
INFORMAL
5
pocsék
B1
用法パターン：
a bum [noun]
We had a bum time because it rained the whole weekend.
Pocsékul telt a hétvégénk, mert végig esett az eső.
Missing the train was bum luck.
Pech volt, hogy lekéstük a vonatot.
That’s a bum excuse for being late.
学習者向け例文
It was a bum day.
Pocsék nap volt.
よくある間違い：
This meaning is common in American English (e.g., “bum luck”). It does not mean “homeless” here.
意味
bad or disappointing
コロケーション
bum luck
|bum deal
|bum trip
|bum experience
|a bum day
|a bum choice
類義語
lousy (Very common informal synonym.)
|
crummy (Similar meaning; casual, often American.)
|
rotten (Stronger and more emotional.)
対義語
great (Very good; enjoyable.)
|
excellent (Very high quality.)
テーマ
emotions
|daily_life
定義
bad; not good
Bad, disappointing, or unpleasant.
B2
INFORMAL
6
rossz
A1
用法パターン：
a bum [body part/thing]
I can’t run right now—I’ve got a bum knee.
Most nem tudok futni – rossz a térdem.
The car wouldn’t start because it had a bum battery.
Az autó nem indult, mert rossz volt az akkumulátora.
She sat out the game with a bum ankle.
学習者向け例文
I have a bum knee.
Rossz a térdem.
よくある間違い：
Often used before a noun (e.g., “a bum knee,” “a bum printer”).
意味
injured or not working
コロケーション
bum knee
|bum leg
|bum shoulder
|bum ankle
|bum arm
|a bum back
|a bum engine
|a bum phone
類義語
bad (More general; less vivid.)
|
injured (More formal; used mainly for people/body parts.)
|
broken (Stronger; suggests it doesn’t work at all.)
対義語
healthy (Not injured; in good condition.)
|
working (Functioning properly (for machines/things).)
テーマ
health
|daily_life
定義
hurt or broken; not working well
Injured, or not working properly.
文法
辞書形
bum
IPA
GB/bˈʌm/
US/bˈʌm/
音節・強勢
bum （1音節）
Stress on 1st syllable (bum)
活用形
Adjective
- Base: bum
Noun
- Base: bum
- Plural: bums
Verb
- Base: bum
- 3rd Person Singular: bums
- Present Participle: bumming
- Past: bummed
関連語
Forms
bums
noun
bumming
verb
bummed
verb
Core family
bummer
noun
表現
bum a ride
1/bˈʌm ə ɹˈaɪd/
fixed phrase
informal
get a free ride
to ask someone to drive you for free
例文
- Can I bum a ride to the station?
- We bummed a ride from a coworker after the party.
- He always tries to bum a ride instead of taking the bus.
学習者向け例文
- Can I bum a ride?
bum around
1/bˈʌm ɚˈaʊnd/
phrasal verb
informal
spend time doing nothing
to relax and do nothing in particular
例文
- We bummed around the house all weekend.
- After finals, he just wanted to bum around for a few days.
- They spent the afternoon bumming around downtown.
学習者向け例文
- I want to bum around this weekend.
bum deal
1/bˈʌm dˈil/
fixed phrase
informal
an unfair outcome
a situation that is unfair to someone
例文
- She got a bum deal and ended up doing all the work.
- It’s a bum deal, but we can’t change the policy.
- Getting fined for that felt like a bum deal.
学習者向け例文
- That’s a bum deal.
bum out
1/bˈʌm ˈaʊt/
phrasal verb
informal
make someone feel sad
to make someone feel unhappy; to feel unhappy
例文
- The cancellation really bummed me out.
- Don’t let one bad comment bum you out.
- She was bummed out about missing the concert.
学習者向け例文
- I’m bummed out today.
bum rap
1/bˈʌm ɹˈæp/
fixed phrase
informal
an unfair accusation
unfair blame
例文
- That restaurant gets a bum rap—it’s actually pretty good.
- He took a bum rap for something he didn’t do.
- Small cars sometimes get a bum rap for being unsafe.
bum steer
1/bˈʌm stˈɪɹ/
fixed phrase
informal
misleading advice
advice that is wrong and confusing
例文
- Someone gave me a bum steer, and I ended up at the wrong office.
- I’m not saying she lied—maybe she just got a bum steer too.
- The online directions were a bum steer.
get off your bum
1/ɡˈɛt ˈɔf jˈʊɹ bˈʌm/
idiom
informal
stop being lazy
start doing something; don’t be lazy
例文
- Get off your bum and help me carry these boxes.
- I finally got off my bum and cleaned the kitchen.
- If you want the job, you need to get off your bum and apply.
学習者向け例文
- Get off your bum and study.