prune
gb/pɹˈun/ us/pɹˈun/
B1
英語
~ 7300
metsz, visszametsz, lefarag, megnyirbál, szűkít, aszalt szilva, vén trotty
動詞
B1
1
metsz
B2
visszametsz
B2
用法パターン：
to prune [a plant] (back)
You should prune the rose bushes in early spring.
Kora tavasszal meg kell metszened a rózsabokrokat.
The gardener pruned back the apple tree to encourage more fruit.
A kertész visszametszette az almafát, hogy több termést hozzon.
If you prune the dead branches, the plant will look much healthier.
They hired a professional to prune the huge hedge along the driveway.
She forgot to prune the vines, and they took over the fence.
学習者向け例文
I need to prune the small tree in my garden.
Meg kell metszenem a kertemben lévő kis fát.
He pruned back the plant because it was too big.
Visszametszette a növényt, mert túl nagyra nőtt.
We prune the roses every year.
The gardener pruned the dead branches from the bush.
Please prune this plant so it does not block the window.
よくある間違い：
Learners sometimes say *"cut"* when they specifically mean improving a plant’s growth or shape. In gardening contexts, *prune* or *prune back* is more precise than just *cut*. Also, *prune* usually refers to smaller branches and stems, not cutting down the whole tree.
意味
cut branches from a plant
コロケーション
prune a tree
|prune the roses
|prune back the hedge
|carefully pruned
|regularly pruned
類義語
trim (Very close in meaning, but used more generally for cutting hair, grass, or surfaces, not just plants.)
|
cut back (Often used specifically for reducing the size of plants by cutting off growth.)
対義語
let grow wild (Describes allowing a plant to grow without cutting or control, the opposite of pruning.)
テーマ
nature
|home
|daily life
|daily_life
定義
To cut small branches from a tree or plant so it grows better or looks nicer.
To cut off small branches or stems from a tree, bush, or other plant to improve its shape, health, or growth.
動詞
B2
2
用法パターン：
to prune [something] (down/back)
Please prune this report to no more than two pages.
Kérlek, faragd le ezt a jelentést legfeljebb két oldalra.
The company plans to prune its workforce by about ten percent.
A vállalat azt tervezi, hogy nagyjából tíz százalékkal lefaragja a létszámát.
We need to prune the feature list before the product launch.
The editor pruned several paragraphs that repeated the same idea.
The script automatically prunes inactive accounts from the database.
学習者向け例文
The teacher asked us to prune our essays to 500 words.
A tanár arra kért minket, hogy faragjuk le az esszéinket 500 szóra.
The manager pruned the list of projects to only the most important ones.
A menedzser a legfontosabbakra szűkítette a projektek listáját.
They pruned the budget by cutting travel costs.
You should prune extra details from your presentation.
The IT team pruned old data from the system.
よくある間違い：
Learners sometimes think *prune* is only for plants. In fact, it is common in business, writing, and technology to talk about *pruning* text, lists, budgets, code, or data. Also, do not use *prune* when you mean simply *delete one thing*; it usually suggests removing several unnecessary parts and improving what remains.
意味
remove unnecessary parts or items
コロケーション
prune the list
|prune the budget
|prune unnecessary details
|prune the dataset
|prune the code
類義語
streamline (Emphasizes making a process simpler and more efficient, often in business or design contexts.)
|
pare down (Means to reduce something by cutting away small parts, often used for lists, budgets, or text.)
対義語
expand (Means to make something larger or more detailed, the opposite of reducing it by pruning.)
テーマ
business
|technology
|communication
|work
定義
To take away extra or unneeded parts from something so it becomes simpler, smaller, or better.
To remove unnecessary, unwanted, or less important parts from something, such as text, a list, a plan, a budget, data, or a group, often to make it simpler or more efficient.
名詞
B1
3
She eats a few prunes every morning to help her digestion.
Minden reggel megeszik néhány szem aszalt szilvát, hogy segítse az emésztését.
The dessert was made with stewed prunes and yogurt.
A desszert párolt aszalt szilvával és joghurttal készült.
We bought a bag of soft, organic prunes at the market.
Prunes are high in fiber and natural sugars.
He added chopped prunes to the cake batter for extra sweetness.
学習者向け例文
I like to eat prunes as a snack.
Szeretek aszalt szilvát enni nassolnivalóként.
Prunes are made from dried plums.
Az aszalt szilva szilva szárításával készül.
My grandmother cooks rice with prunes and nuts.
He drinks prune juice every day.
We bought some prunes from the store.
よくある間違い：
Learners sometimes confuse *plum* and *prune*. A *plum* is the fresh fruit; a *prune* is a plum that has been dried. In recipes and on packaging, the dried fruit is normally called *prunes*.
意味
dried plum used as food
コロケーション
eat prunes
|dried prunes
|stewed prunes
|prune juice
|prune compote
類義語
dried plum (A more literal, descriptive term; less common in everyday speech than *prune*.)
対義語
fresh plum (The undried, fresh fruit from which prunes are made, contrasting with the dried version.)
テーマ
food
|health
|daily life
|food_drink
定義
A plum that is dried and eaten as food, often as a snack or in cooking.
A plum that has been dried, usually eaten as a sweet snack or used in cooking and known for helping digestion.
名詞
C1
INFORMAL
4
vén trotty
C1
用法パターン：
[someone] is a (silly/old) prune
Stop being such a silly prune and come dance with us.
Ne legyél már ilyen vén trotty, gyere táncolni velünk!
He can be a real old prune when it comes to trying new things.
Igazi vén trotty tud lenni, ha új dolgok kipróbálásáról van szó.
She used to be fun, but now she’s turned into a bit of a prune.
Don’t listen to that miserable prune; he complains about everything.
学習者向け例文
My uncle is a real old prune when we talk about new music.
A nagybátyám igazi vén trotty, amikor az új zenékről beszélünk.
He called his brother a silly prune for staying at home.
Vén trottynak nevezte a testvérét, amiért otthon maradt.
She can be a bit of a prune when we ask her to join us.
I don’t want to be an old prune who never goes out.
よくある間違い：
Learners may think this meaning is common in all situations, but it is mainly informal and can sound rude or old-fashioned. It is safest to use it jokingly with friends who know you well, or not use it at all and choose a clearer word like *boring* or *grumpy*.
意味
annoying or silly person (informal)
コロケーション
silly prune
|old prune
|miserable prune
|grumpy old prune
類義語
fool (A common insult for someone acting stupidly; does not carry the idea of being old and sour in the same way as *prune*.)
対義語
charmer (Describes someone pleasant and enjoyable to be with, the opposite of the negative, dull image of a *prune*.)
テーマ
people
|emotions
|communication
|relationships
定義
An informal, unkind word for a person who seems silly, angry, or not fun, often used about an older person.
An insulting or humorous term for a person, especially an older person, who seems silly, bad-tempered, or not fun to be around.
文法
辞書形
prune
IPA
GB/pɹˈun/
US/pɹˈun/
音節・強勢
prune （1音節）
Stress on 1st syllable (prune)
活用形
Noun
- Base: prune
- Plural: prunes
Verb
- Base: prune
- 3rd Person Singular: prunes
- Present Participle: pruning
- Past: pruned
関連語
Forms
prunes
noun
pruning
verb
pruned
verb
Core family
pruner
noun
Negative and opposite forms
unpruned
adjective
Advanced or less common
prunable
adjective
表現
old prune
1/ˈoʊld pɹˈun/
fixed phrase
informal
annoying or strict older person
An unkind, joking way to talk about an older person who seems boring, strict, or not fun.
例文
- Don’t turn into an old prune who never leaves the house.
- He called his teacher an old prune and quickly regretted it.
prune back
1/pɹˈun bˈæk/
phrasal verb
cut a plant back
To cut off some branches or stems from a plant so it is smaller or grows better.
例文
- We need to prune back the hedge before it blocks the sidewalk.
- Prune back the vines in winter to keep them under control.
prune down
1/pɹˈun dˈaʊn/
phrasal verb
reduce by cutting parts
To make something smaller or shorter by taking away extra or unneeded parts.
例文
- The article is too long; please prune it down to 800 words.
- They managed to prune down the costs without hurting quality.
prune out
1/pɹˈun ˈaʊt/
phrasal verb
remove unwanted items from set
To take out things that are not wanted from a list, group, or collection.
例文
- The editor pruned out the weaker poems from the collection.
- We should prune out inactive users from the mailing list.