raft
gb/ɹˈæft/ us/ɹˈæft/
B1
英語
~ 8200
tutaj, egy csomó, rengeteg, raftingol, tutajozik, tutajon szállít, lemezalap
名詞
B1
1
tutaj
B1
用法パターン：
[someone] on a raft
They built a small raft out of logs and rope.
Rönkökből és kötélből építettek egy kis tutajt.
The survivors clung to a makeshift raft until they were rescued.
A túlélők egy rögtönzött tutajba kapaszkodtak, amíg ki nem mentették őket.
We spent the afternoon drifting down the river on a rubber raft.
The children jumped from the pier onto the floating raft.
A rescue helicopter spotted the sailors on a life raft.
学習者向け例文
Four people sat on the raft.
Négyen ültek a tutajon.
We made a raft from old wood.
Régi faanyagból készítettünk egy tutajt.
The raft moved slowly down the river.
They used a raft to leave the island.
I fell off the raft into the water.
よくある間違い：
Learners sometimes confuse 'raft' with 'ship' or 'ferry'. A 'raft' is usually small, flat, and very simple, while a 'ship' is large and complex, and a 'ferry' regularly carries people or cars across water.
意味
simple flat boat or float
コロケーション
wooden raft
|inflatable raft
|makeshift raft
|life raft
|raft trip
|raft guide
類義語
float (A general word for something that floats on water; less often used to mean a vehicle for travel.)
|
boat (A broader term for water vessels; usually suggests something more built and finished than a simple raft.)
対義語
submarine (A water vehicle that travels under the surface rather than floating on top like a raft.)
テーマ
nature
|travel
|sports
|transportation
|daily_life
定義
A simple flat thing that floats on water and is used like a small boat or platform.
A flat, usually simple structure that floats on water and is used as a boat or platform, often made of logs, planks, or inflatable material.
名詞
C1
INFORMAL
2
用法パターン：
a raft of [plural noun]
The new policy has created a raft of unexpected problems.
Az új szabályozás egy csomó váratlan problémát okozott.
She received a raft of emails after the interview was published.
Egy csomó e-mailt kapott, miután megjelent az interjú.
The company announced a raft of changes to its privacy rules.
A whole raft of questions came up during the meeting.
There are a raft of reasons why the project was delayed.
学習者向け例文
The plan has a raft of problems.
A tervvel egy csomó probléma van.
He got a raft of messages after the show.
A műsor után egy csomó üzenetet kapott.
We saw a raft of new rules this year.
The teacher gave us a raft of examples.
The team faced a raft of difficult choices.
よくある間違い：
Learners sometimes use 'raft' alone to mean 'many', as in *'I have raft problems.'* In this quantity meaning, it is almost always used in the fixed phrase 'a raft of' followed by a plural or uncountable noun, as in 'a raft of problems' or 'a raft of information'.
意味
a large number or amount
コロケーション
a raft of problems
|a raft of new laws
|a raft of complaints
|a raft of ideas
|a raft of changes
|a whole raft of issues
類義語
a host of (Very similar informal phrase; often slightly more neutral in tone.)
|
a slew of (Informal North American expression; can sound more casual or slangy than 'a raft of'.)
対義語
a handful of (Emphasizes that there are only a few items, the opposite of a large number.)
テーマ
quantity
|communication
|core_vocabulary
定義
A very big number or amount of things of the same kind.
A large number or amount of something, especially a variety of related things.
動詞
B2
3
用法パターン：
to raft down [a river]
Every summer they raft the Colorado River with friends.
Minden nyáron a barátaikkal raftingolnak a Colorado folyón.
We plan to raft down the canyon next weekend.
Azt tervezzük, hogy jövő hétvégén raftingolva ereszkedünk le a kanyonban futó folyón.
Tourists can raft through the gorge with an experienced guide.
They spent three days rafting along the remote stretch of river.
She loves to raft in fast white water.
学習者向け例文
We will raft down the river tomorrow.
Holnap raftinggal megyünk le a folyón.
They raft every summer in this area.
Minden nyáron raftingolnak ezen a környéken.
I want to raft on that fast river.
The group rafted for two hours.
He learned how to raft safely.
よくある間違い：
Learners sometimes say *'do rafting'* instead of 'go rafting'. Use 'go rafting' for the activity, and use 'raft' as a verb mainly with an object like 'down the river' or 'along the river'.
意味
travel on water with a raft
コロケーション
go rafting
|white-water rafting
|raft downriver
|raft the river
|rafting trip
類義語
float (Can describe moving gently on water, but does not specifically mean doing it on a raft or as a sport.)
対義語
hike (Describes traveling on foot on land, contrasting with traveling on water in a raft.)
テーマ
travel
|sports
|nature
|transportation
定義
To go down a river or across water on a raft, usually for fun or sport.
To travel on a river, lake, or other water surface on a raft, especially as a leisure activity or sport.
動詞
C1
4
用法パターン：
to raft [something] down [a river]
They used local workers to raft supplies down the river to the camp.
Helyi munkásokat fogadtak fel, hogy tutajon szállítsák le az ellátmányt a folyón a táborig.
For years, the company rafted logs to the mill before roads were built.
Éveken át a cég tutajon szállította a rönköket a fűrészmalomhoz, mielőtt megépültek volna az utak.
Farmers would raft their produce across the lake to reach the market.
学習者向け例文
They rafted wood down the river to the town.
Tutajon szállították le a fát a folyón a városig.
People rafted food to the village after the flood.
Az árvíz után tutajon szállítottak élelmet a faluba.
In the past, workers rafted logs to the city.
The men rafted stones across the lake.
They will raft the equipment to the other side.
意味
transport by raft on water
コロケーション
raft logs
|raft supplies
|raft equipment
|raft goods downstream
類義語
ferry (Also means to carry people or things across water, but does not specify using a simple raft and often suggests a regular service.)
対義語
truck (To transport goods by road vehicle instead of over water on a raft.)
テーマ
transport
|nature
|transportation
|travel
定義
To move people or things on water by putting them on a raft.
To carry or move people or things on water by placing them on a raft.
名詞
C1
TECHNICAL
5
lemezalap
C1
用法パターン：
a raft foundation under [a building]
The building sits on a reinforced concrete raft to cope with the soft ground.
Az épület vasbeton lemezalapon áll, hogy a gyenge teherbírású talajon is stabil legyen.
Engineers recommended a raft foundation due to the poor soil conditions.
A mérnökök a kedvezőtlen talajviszonyok miatt lemezalapot javasoltak.
A thick concrete raft was poured to support the entire structure.
学習者向け例文
The house is built on a concrete raft.
A ház beton lemezalapra épült.
Engineers used a raft foundation because the ground is soft.
A mérnökök lemezalapot alkalmaztak, mert puha volt a talaj.
A raft spreads the weight of the building.
Workers poured a large raft of concrete.
The raft helps keep the building safe.
よくある間違い：
Learners may wrongly assume this meaning is related to boats. In construction, a 'raft' is a flat concrete base under a building and does not float on water.
意味
large flat concrete foundation
コロケーション
raft foundation
|concrete raft
|reinforced concrete raft
|raft slab
類義語
raft foundation (A more specific technical term that clearly marks this as an engineering concept.)
対義語
pile foundation (An alternative type of foundation that uses deep columns instead of a wide slab like a raft.)
テーマ
construction
|science
|housing
|work
定義
A big, single, flat block of concrete under a building that helps it stand safely.
A large, continuous slab of reinforced concrete used as a single foundation to support a building or structure, spreading the load over a wide area.
文法
辞書形
raft
IPA
GB/ɹˈæft/
US/ɹˈæft/
音節・強勢
raft （1音節）
Stress on 1st syllable (raft)
活用形
Noun
- Base: raft
- Plural: rafts
Verb
- Base: raft
- 3rd Person Singular: rafts
- Present Participle: rafting
- Past: rafted
関連語
Forms
rafts
noun
rafting
verb
rafted
verb
Related words
rafter
noun B2
表現
a raft of
1/ə ɹˈæft əv/
idiom
informal
a large number or amount of
Used before a plural or uncountable noun to mean a very large number or amount of something.
例文
- The government introduced a raft of new tax measures.
- She has a raft of ideas for improving the service.
- We got a raft of complaints after the price increase.
life raft
1/lˈaɪf ɹˈæft/
fixed phrase
emergency inflatable boat
A small boat or inflatable raft used to save people when a ship, plane, or other boat has a serious accident on water.
例文
- Passengers were ordered to get into the life rafts.
- The crew released an inflatable life raft when the boat began to sink.
- Each ship must carry enough life rafts for everyone on board.
raft up
1/ɹˈæft ˈʌp/
phrasal verb
tie boats side by side
To tie one boat next to another boat, or to join several boats together side by side on the water.
例文
- Several yachts rafted up in the harbor for the night.
- We rafted up alongside our friends' boat to share dinner.
- Boats were rafted up three deep along the quay.