neuron
gb/nˈʊɹɑn/ us/nˈʊɹɑn/
C1
英語
~ 6600
語義
0件の語義
名詞
technical
C1
entity
1
a nerve cell in the body
A special cell in the body and brain that sends and receives tiny electrical signals.
用法パターン：
a neuron in [a body part or brain region]
よくある間違い：
Learners sometimes confuse "neuron" with "nerve" and with the word "neutron" from physics. A neuron is a single cell, while a nerve is a bundle of many neurons. A neutron is a tiny particle in an atom and is not related to biology.
類義語
nerve cell (More general and slightly more common in basic explanations; means the same thing in biology.)
|
brain cell (Informal and less precise; often used when talking specifically about neurons in the brain, not in the whole body.)
対義語
glial cell (Glial cells support and protect neurons but do not primarily transmit electrical signals, so they contrast with neurons in function.)
コロケーション
sensory neuron
|motor neuron
|brain neuron
|individual neuron
|neuron firing
|neuron activity
テーマ
science
|biology
|medicine
|health
|body
例文
- Each neuron in the brain can form thousands of connections with other neurons.
- The disease causes certain motor neurons to die, leading to muscle weakness.
- When a neuron fires, it sends an electrical signal along its axon.
- Sensory neurons carry information from the skin to the spinal cord.
- Scientists recorded the activity of a single neuron while the patient looked at images.
学習者向け例文
- A neuron is a cell that sends signals in your brain.
- Many neurons work together when you move your hand.
- Some diseases damage the neurons in the spine.
- The doctor explained how neurons talk to each other.
- Neurons help you think, feel, and move.
名詞
technical
C2
entity
2
unit in an artificial neural network
A basic part of a computer model of the brain that takes numbers in, changes them, and gives a new number out.
用法パターン：
a neuron in [a neural network or layer]
よくある間違い：
Learners may think a neuron in a neural network is as complex as a real biological neuron. In practice, an artificial neuron is a very simple mathematical function and only loosely inspired by real nerve cells.
類義語
node (Common term in computer science for a point in a network; in neural networks, often used interchangeably with artificial neuron.)
コロケーション
artificial neuron
|hidden neuron
|input neuron
|output neuron
|neuron layer
|neuron activation
テーマ
science
|technology
|computer science
|artificial intelligence
例文
- Each neuron in the hidden layer applies a nonlinear function to its inputs.
- In this model, every neuron has a weight for each input feature.
- The output neuron produces a probability for each class.
- Adding more neurons to the network increased its ability to fit the training data.
- The activation of a neuron is determined by the weighted sum of its inputs.
学習者向け例文
- In a neural network, each neuron gets numbers and sends out a new number.
- We added more neurons to the hidden layer to improve the model.
- The input goes into many neurons at the same time.
- Each neuron has weights that change during training.
- One neuron in the last layer gives the final answer.
文法
辞書形
neuron
IPA
GB/nˈʊɹɑn/
US/nˈʊɹɑn/
音節・強勢
neur - on （2音節）
Stress on 1st syllable (neur)
活用形
Noun
- Base: neuron
- Plural: neurons
関連語
表現
artificial neuron
1/ˌɑɹtəfˈɪʃəl nˈʊɹɑn/
fixed phrase
technical
simplified neuron used in computing
A very simple computer version of a neuron used inside a neural network program.
例文
- Each artificial neuron applies a weight to its inputs before summing them.
- The network consists of thousands of artificial neurons organized in layers.
- By adjusting the connections between artificial neurons, the model learns from data.
dopamine neuron
1/dˈɑpəmˌaɪn nˈʊɹɑn/
fixed phrase
technical
neuron that releases dopamine
A neuron that mainly sends out the chemical dopamine to other neurons.
例文
- Loss of dopamine neurons in the brain is a key feature of Parkinson's disease.
- The reward system relies heavily on dopamine neuron activity.
- The drug increased firing in dopamine neurons.
mirror neuron
1/mˈɪɹɚ nˈʊɹɑn/
fixed phrase
technical
neuron active during doing and seeing
A neuron that fires when you do an action and also when you see someone else do the same action.
例文
- Some scientists think mirror neurons play a role in empathy.
- Mirror neuron activity increases when we watch familiar gestures.
- The discovery of mirror neurons changed how we think about social learning.
motor neuron
1/mˈoʊtɚ nˈʊɹɑn/
fixed phrase
technical
neuron that controls muscles
A neuron that carries signals from the brain or spinal cord to muscles so they can move.
例文
- Motor neurons send commands from the spinal cord to the leg muscles.
- Motor neuron disease leads to progressive muscle weakness.
- The experiment measured how quickly motor neurons responded to stimulation.
neuron firing
1/nˈʊɹɑn fˈaɪɹɪŋ/
fixed phrase
technical
event of a neuron firing
The moment when a neuron sends an electrical signal along its length.
例文
- The pattern of neuron firing changed as the animal learned the task.
- We recorded rapid neuron firing in response to the sound.
- Irregular neuron firing can lead to seizures.
sensory neuron
1/sˈɛnsɚi nˈʊɹɑn/
fixed phrase
technical
neuron that detects stimuli
A neuron that feels changes like touch, pain, or temperature and sends this information to the brain or spinal cord.
例文
- Sensory neurons in the skin respond to heat and pressure.
- Damage to sensory neurons can cause numbness in the hands.
- The study focused on how sensory neurons encode pain signals.
motor neuron disease
1/mˈoʊtɚ nˈʊɹɑn dɪzˈiz/
fixed phrase
technical
Disease of muscle-controlling nerves
A serious illness that damages nerves which control muscles, making movement harder over time.
例文
- He was diagnosed with motor neuron disease last year.
- He was diagnosed with motor neuron disease in his fifties.
- Motor neuron disease can cause muscle weakness and difficulty speaking.
- Motor neuron disease affects movement, speech, and breathing over time.
- Researchers are trying to find new treatments for motor neuron disease.