Organizing the message
New and known
New and known information
Does the listener already know this?
known information
new information
의미
Speakers help listeners keep track of what is being introduced and what is already familiar. This lets the listener connect each new message to what they already know from the conversation or situation. Languages use articles, pronouns, word order, or stress, and those without articles rely on other signals and context. Specific or general asks which thing or kind is meant; this block asks whether the listener can already identify it or knows about it.
알아보는 방법
Follow how people and things are introduced and mentioned again, including those the listener can identify from the shared situation.
모국어에서는
한국어
New, given, contrastive, and resumed information is strongly shaped by 은/는, 이/가, omission, and particles.
커피는 마셨어요.