Recipient / Beneficiary
To whom or for whose benefit does it happen?
Meaning
The participant who receives something, gets a result, benefits from an action, or is the intended receiver.
How to spot it
Ask who gets something or who the action is done for.
Examples
me|you|the child|the customer
give me a book|buy food for Anna
She gave the child a toy.
Visual guide
Transfer frame:
She gives a toy
|
v
the child
the child gets/benefits
One role, several forms: She gave [the child] a toy. She gave a toy [to the child]. She bought food [for Anna]. [ ] = who gets/benefits Order/prep/case may mark it
Language View
In your native language
English marks recipients with double-object order or with prepositions such as to and for.
I gave her a book.
her = recipient
In your learning language
Recipients and beneficiaries are commonly expressed with 'a/para' and indirect object clitics such as me, te, le, nos, les.
Le di el libro a Ana.
I gave the book to Ana.
Learners often omit the indirect object clitic or confuse 'a' and 'para'.
Same block, different coding
Both languages use this block strongly, but they signal it differently. Focus on form changes, not only meaning.