Identity / Classification
Copular clause
Predicate nominal
Classification
What is it? Who is who?
core
basic
Scene core
Reikšmė
A relation that identifies, names, classifies, or equates one participant with another role, class, or label.
Kaip atpažinti
Ask whether the sentence says that X is Y or belongs to a class.
Pavyzdžiai
Žodžiai
doctor|teacher|friend|problem
Frazės
my brother is a doctor|this is a mistake
Sakinys
She is a doctor.
Visual guide
Basic shape
Identity/class frame: X = Y She = a doctor person = class/role Meaning: X belongs to Y
Compare shape
Same link, different marking: [She] [is] [a doctor] [She] [doctor] zero BE [She] [doctor-CASE] Marking changes; X = Y stays.
Kalbos rodinys
Jūsų kalboje
Arabic (Modern Standard)
Raiška
strong
Svarba
Identity and classification are often expressed as nominal sentences without present-tense copula.
أحمدُ طبيب.
Ahmad doctor.
Kalboje, kurios mokotės
German (standard)
Raiška
strong
Sudėtingumas
Identity and classification use a copula, often with no indefinite article for professions.
Sie ist Ärztin.
She is doctor.
Tipinis besimokančiųjų iššūkis
Learners may overuse articles with jobs or forget the copula.
Same block, different coding
Both languages use this block strongly, but they signal it differently. Focus on form changes, not only meaning.