Untuk menjadikan proses pembelajaran Anda secekap mungkin, kami telah membayangkan semula sepenuhnya senarai kata kerja tak sekata tradisional.
Pertama, kami membuang susunan abjad dan menyusun 200 kata kerja teratas dengan ketat berdasarkan seberapa kerap kata kerja itu digunakan dalam perbualan harian. Ini bermakna Anda akan mempelajari perkataan yang paling penting terlebih dahulu.
Kedua, kami mengelompokkannya kepada empat pola fonetik yang logik. Daripada menghafal secara paksa, otak Anda akan mengenali struktur rima dan perubahan vokal secara semula jadi. Berikut ialah empat pola yang akan kita pelajari:
- Kumpulan 1: Kata Kerja Sama (A-A-A) – Ketiga-tiga bentuknya sama sepenuhnya.
- Kumpulan 2: Kata Kerja Kembali (A-B-A) – Past participle kembali kepada bentuk asas.
- Kumpulan 3: Kata Kerja Separuh Berubah (A-B-B) – Bentuk past simple dan past participle adalah sama.
- Kumpulan 4: Kata Kerja Berubah Bentuk (A-B-C) – Ketiga-tiga bentuknya berbeza sepenuhnya.
Mari kita lihat senarai terbaik berdasarkan kekerapan ini!
* Kata kerja yang ditandai dengan asterisk sama ada bersifat formal, sastera, atau sangat khusus. Pemula boleh melangkaunya buat masa ini!
1. Kata kerja sama (pola A-A-A)
Ketiga-tiga bentuk adalah sama.
| Bentuk Asas (V1) | Past Simple (V2) | Past Participle (V3) | Terjemahan |
| put | put | put | meletakkan, menaruh |
| let | let | let | membiarkan, membenarkan |
| set | set | set | menetapkan, meletakkan |
| cut | cut | cut | memotong |
| cost | cost | cost | berharga |
| read | read | read | membaca |
| hit | hit | hit | memukul |
| shut | shut | shut | menutup |
| hurt | hurt | hurt | sakit, melukai |
| quit | quit | quit | berhenti, keluar |
| spread | spread | spread | menyebarkan, menyapu |
| split | split | split | membahagi, membelah |
| fit | fit | fit | sesuai, padan |
| bet | bet | bet | bertaruh |
| burst | burst | burst | meletus, meledak |
| upset | upset | upset | menjengkelkan, membalikkan |
| broadcast | broadcast | broadcast | menyiarkan, memancarkan |
| preset * | preset | preset | menetapkan terlebih dahulu |
| cast * | cast | cast | melempar, melontarkan |
| shed * | shed | shed | menggugurkan, menumpahkan |
| thrust * | thrust | thrust | menolak, menujah |
| rid * | rid | rid | membebaskan |
| slit * | slit | slit | membelah, menghiris |
| knit * | knit | knit | mengait (benang) |
2. Kata kerja yang kembali kepada bentuk asas (pola A-B-A)
Bentuk past participle (V3) sama dengan bentuk asas.
| Bentuk Asas (V1) | Past Simple (V2) | Past Participle (V3) | Maksud dalam bahasa Melayu |
| come | came | come | datang |
| become | became | become | menjadi |
| run | ran | run | berlari |
| overcome | overcame | overcome | mengatasi, menewaskan |
| outrun * | outran | outrun | berlari lebih pantas, mengatasi |
3. Kata kerja dengan past simple dan past participle yang sama (pola A-B-B)
Bentuk past simple (V2) dan past participle (V3) adalah sama.
| Bentuk Asas (V1) | Past Simple (V2) | Past Participle (V3) | Maksud dalam bahasa Melayu |
| have | had | had | memiliki, mempunyai |
| make | made | made | membuat, menghasilkan |
| say | said | said | berkata, mengatakan |
| get | got | got / gotten | mendapat, memperoleh, menjadi |
| think | thought | thought | berfikir |
| find | found | found | menemukan |
| tell | told | told | memberitahu, menceritakan |
| feel | felt | felt | merasa |
| leave | left | left | meninggalkan, pergi |
| bring | brought | brought | membawa |
| buy | bought | bought | membeli |
| hear | heard | heard | mendengar |
| keep | kept | kept | menyimpan, mengekalkan |
| meet | met | met | bertemu |
| pay | paid | paid | membayar |
| stand | stood | stood | berdiri |
| hold | held | held | memegang (di tangan) |
| understand | understood | understood | memahami |
| mean | meant | meant | bermaksud, berniat |
| win | won | won | menang |
| lead | led | led | memimpin, mengarahkan |
| catch | caught | caught | menangkap |
| sit | sat | sat | duduk |
| lose | lost | lost | kehilangan |
| sell | sold | sold | menjual |
| send | sent | sent | menghantar |
| build | built | built | membina |
| spend | spent | spent | membelanjakan, menghabiskan (masa) |
| teach | taught | taught | mengajar |
| sleep | slept | slept | tidur |
| shoot | shot | shot | menembak |
| lay | laid | laid | membaringkan, meletakkan |
| fight | fought | fought | berlawan, bertarung |
| deal | dealt | dealt | menangani, mengagihkan |
| feed | fed | fed | memberi makan |
| seek | sought | sought | mencari, menyelidiki |
| burn | burnt | burnt | terbakar, membakar |
| learn | learnt | learnt | belajar |
| dream | dreamt | dreamt | bermimpi |
| smell | smelt | smelt | menghidu, berbau |
| spell | spelt | spelt | mengeja |
| spill | spilt | spilt | menumpahkan |
| spoil | spoilt | spoilt | merosakkan, memanjakan |
| leap | leapt | leapt | melompat |
| hang | hung | hung | tergantung, menggantung |
| light | lit | lit | menyalakan, menerangi |
| shine | shone | shone | bersinar |
| slide | slid | slid | meluncur |
| spin | spun | spun | berputar, memutarkan |
| spit | spat | spat | meludah |
| stick | stuck | stuck | melekat, mencucuk |
| sting | stung | stung | menyengat, mencucuk (serangga) |
| strike | struck | struck | memukul, menghentam |
| sweep | swept | swept | menyapu |
| swing | swung | swung | berayun, menghayun |
| wind | wound | wound | menggulung, memutar |
| bend | bent | bent | membengkokkan |
| dig | dug | dug | menggali |
| speed | sped | sped | bergegas, memandu melebihi had laju |
| rebuild | rebuilt | rebuilt | membina semula |
| resell | resold | resold | menjual semula |
| remake | remade | remade | membuat semula |
| retell | retold | retold | menceritakan semula |
| oversleep | overslept | overslept | terlebih tidur (lambat bangun) |
| misunderstand | misunderstood | misunderstood | salah faham |
| mislead | misled | misled | mengelirukan, menyesatkan |
| overhear | overheard | overheard | terdengar, mendengar secara tidak sengaja |
| overthink | overthought | overthought | terlalu memikirkan |
| rethink | rethought | rethought | memikirkan semula |
| resend | resent | resent | menghantar semula |
| rewind | rewound | rewound | memutar balik |
| kneel * | knelt | knelt | melutut |
| weep * | wept | wept | menangis |
| wring * | wrung | wrung | memerah |
| bind * | bound | bound | mengikat, menggabungkan |
| bleed * | bled | bled | berdarah |
| breed * | bred | bred | membiak, menternak |
| cling * | clung | clung | berpaut, bergantung |
| creep * | crept | crept | merangkak, menyelinap |
| flee * | fled | fled | melarikan diri |
| fling * | flung | flung | melontar |
| grind * | ground | ground | mengisar, menggiling |
| uphold * | upheld | upheld | mempertahankan, menyokong |
| withhold * | withheld | withheld | menahan |
| underpay * | underpaid | underpaid | membayar terlalu rendah |
| overpay * | overpaid | overpaid | membayar berlebihan |
| prepay * | prepaid | prepaid | membayar lebih awal |
| outsell * | outsold | outsold | menjual lebih banyak |
| overfeed * | overfed | overfed | memberi makan berlebihan |
| relay * | relaid | relaid | meletakkan semula, menyampaikan |
| unbind * | unbound | unbound | membuka ikatan, melepaskan |
| unwind * | unwound | unwound | terurai, berehat |
| unlearn * | unlearnt | unlearnt | melupakan apa yang telah dipelajari |
4. Kata kerja tak sekata sepenuhnya (pola A-B-C)
Ketiga-tiga bentuk berbeza.
| Bentuk Asas (V1) | Past Simple (V2) | Past Participle (V3) | Maksud dalam bahasa Melayu |
| be | was / were | been | ada, wujud |
| do | did | done | melakukan, membuat |
| go | went | gone | pergi |
| see | saw | seen | melihat |
| know | knew | known | mengetahui, mengenali |
| take | took | taken | mengambil, membawa, memegang |
| give | gave | given | memberi |
| write | wrote | written | menulis |
| speak | spoke | spoken | bercakap |
| drive | drove | driven | memandu |
| break | broke | broken | memecahkan, patah |
| fall | fell | fallen | jatuh |
| eat | ate | eaten | makan |
| choose | chose | chosen | memilih |
| draw | drew | drawn | melukis, menarik |
| grow | grew | grown | membesar, menumbuhkan |
| fly | flew | flown | terbang |
| wear | wore | worn | memakai |
| throw | threw | thrown | melempar |
| show | showed | shown | menunjukkan |
| begin | began | begun | memulakan |
| drink | drank | drunk | minum |
| swim | swam | swum | berenang |
| ring | rang | rung | berdering |
| sing | sang | sung | menyanyi |
| sink | sank | sunk | tenggelam |
| wake | woke | woken | bangun, mengejutkan |
| hide | hid | hidden | menyembunyikan |
| ride | rode | ridden | menunggang, menaiki |
| rise | rose | risen | naik, meningkat |
| steal | stole | stolen | mencuri |
| tear | tore | torn | mengoyak, menyobek |
| swear | swore | sworn | bersumpah, mencarut |
| bite | bit | bitten | menggigit |
| blow | blew | blown | meniup |
| forget | forgot | forgotten | lupa |
| forgive | forgave | forgiven | memaafkan |
| freeze | froze | frozen | membekukan, membeku |
| mistake | mistook | mistaken | tersilap, menyalahanggap |
| forbid | forbade | forbidden | melarang |
| shake | shook | shaken | menggoncang |
| shrink | shrank | shrunk | mengecut, menyusut |
| spring | sprang | sprung | melompat, melantun |
| withdraw | withdrew | withdrawn | menarik balik |
| undertake | undertook | undertaken | mengambil tanggungjawab, menjalankan |
| overtake | overtook | overtaken | memotong, mendahului |
| oversee | oversaw | overseen | menyelia |
| foresee | foresaw | foreseen | meramalkan, melihat lebih awal |
| rewrite | rewrote | rewritten | menulis semula |
| redo | redid | redone | membuat semula |
| undo | undid | undone | membatalkan, membuka |
| undergo | underwent | undergone | menjalani |
| outgrow | outgrew | outgrown | tidak muat lagi, melampaui |
| overdo | overdid | overdone | melakukan secara berlebihan |
| outdo | outdid | outdone | mengatasi, mengungguli |
| prove | proved | proven | membuktikan |
| weave * | wove | woven | menenun |
| partake * | partook | partaken | mengambil bahagian |
| misdo * | misdid | misdone | melakukan dengan salah |
| awake * | awoke | awoken | terjaga, bangun |
| bear * | bore | borne | menanggung, membawa |
| beat * | beat | beaten | memukul, mengalahkan |
| bid * | bade | bidden | menawarkan, membida |
| forsake * | forsook | forsaken | meninggalkan, mengabaikan |
| saw * | sawed | sawn | menggergaji |
| sew * | sewed | sewn | menjahit |
| shear * | sheared | shorn | mencukur (biri-biri) |
| sow * | sowed | sown | menyemai (benih) |
| swell * | swelled | swollen | membengkak |
| thrive * | throve | thriven | berkembang maju, makmur |
| tread * | trod | trodden | memijak, melangkah |
Cara Menggunakan Senarai Ini dengan Berkesan
Jangan cuba menghafal kesemua 200 kata kerja dalam satu hari. Mulakan dengan kumpulan A-A-A dan A-B-B, kerana polanya yang boleh dijangka menjadikannya sangat mudah dikuasai. Fokus dahulu pada 10–15 kata kerja teratas dalam setiap kategori—inilah perkataan yang sentiasa digunakan oleh penutur asli. Setelah Anda membina asas yang kukuh, teruskan secara beransur-ansur mengikut senarai kekerapan.
Tandakan halaman ini dan kembali kepadanya bila-bila masa Anda memerlukan ulang kaji pantas. Selamat belajar!