Animals With Extraordinary Abilities

by Vocafy Disahkan

Inggeris (AS) B2 12 soalan Nature & animals

Discover the remarkable ways animals sense their surroundings, move, hunt, and survive.

1. 1. Pilih jawapan yang betul.

   Which ability is the bat using?

   A bat sends out high-pitched calls and listens to the returning echoes to locate insects in the dark.

   • Echolocation
   • Heat detection
   • Night vision

   The key information comes from sound, not light or temperature.

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   • Echolocation

   The delay before an echo returns helps the bat judge how far away an insect is.

2. 2. Pilih jawapan yang betul.

   What mainly gives the gecko's toes their grip?

   Many geckos can climb smooth glass and hang upside down without leaving a sticky trail.

   • Tiny claws that dig into the glass
   • Microscopic hairs that make close contact with the surface
   • Suction cups that trap air beneath the toes

   Its grip depends on contact at a very small scale.

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   • Microscopic hairs that make close contact with the surface

   Weak forces between molecules add up across the many tiny contact points, creating a strong grip.

3. 3. Pilih jawapan yang betul.

   What feature of a dolphin's sleep helps it remain alert?

   A resting dolphin still needs to surface to breathe and monitor its surroundings.

   • Both halves of its brain always enter deep sleep together.
   • Only its muscles rest; its brain never sleeps.
   • One half of its brain can rest while the other remains more alert.

   Rest does not have to involve the whole brain at once.

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   • One half of its brain can rest while the other remains more alert.

   During this kind of sleep, one eye often stays open to help the dolphin monitor its surroundings.

4. 4. Pilih jawapan yang betul.

   How can these patterns help a bee?

   Some flowers have ultraviolet patterns that bees can see, although humans cannot.

   • They can guide it toward the flower's nectar.
   • They can show it the route back to its hive.
   • They can identify which bee last visited the flower.

   Consider what a bee is looking for when it visits a flower.

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   • They can guide it toward the flower's nectar.

   These markings are often called nectar guides: a flower that looks plain to us may look patterned to a bee.

5. 5. Pilih jawapan yang betul.

   How do these feather features help an owl approach prey unnoticed?

   Some owls have comb-like edges on their flight feathers and a soft, velvety feather surface.

   • They increase the owl's sensitivity to high-pitched sounds.
   • They improve the owl's vision in very low light.
   • They reduce the noise of air moving over the wings.

   Think about the sound a moving wing can create.

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   • They reduce the noise of air moving over the wings.

   Quieter flight also helps an owl hear faint sounds from prey without its own wing noise getting in the way.

6. 6. Pilih jawapan yang betul.

   What does this arrangement allow an octopus's arms to do?

   An octopus has many nerve cells in its arms, not just in its central brain.

   • Wait for the central brain to direct every small movement
   • Manage some movements and responses to touch locally
   • Replace the central brain in controlling the entire animal

   Information can be processed close to where it is received.

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   • Manage some movements and responses to touch locally

   This local control helps flexible arms explore and handle objects while the central brain coordinates broader actions.

7. 7. Pilih jawapan yang betul.

   How can these cells produce a powerful electric discharge?

   An electric eel has thousands of specialized electric cells. Each cell produces only a small voltage.

   • The cells discharge together, and their voltages add up.
   • One cell supplies the entire discharge while the others rest.
   • The cells collect electricity already present in the water.

   Think about how several batteries can work together.

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   • The cells discharge together, and their voltages add up.

   Electric eels also use weaker electric signals to sense their surroundings, not just powerful discharges to attack or defend themselves.

8. 8. Pilih jawapan yang betul.

   Why is this useful in a dry habitat?

   Desert kangaroo rats produce very concentrated urine. Their kidneys return much of the filtered water to the blood.

   • It allows them to make new water directly from mineral salts.
   • It prevents all water loss through their skin and breathing.
   • It lets them remove waste while losing relatively little water.

   Waste still has to leave the body, but water is valuable.

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   • It lets them remove waste while losing relatively little water.

   Kangaroo rats also obtain water when their bodies break down nutrients from food.

9. 9. Pilih jawapan yang betul.

   What must the archerfish account for when aiming?

   An archerfish shoots water at insects above the surface. Light bends as it passes between air and water, making a target appear shifted from its actual position.

   • The insect being underwater despite appearing above the surface
   • The difference between the insect's apparent and actual positions
   • The water jet bending in exactly the same way as the light

   Where the target appears to be is not necessarily where it is.

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   • The difference between the insect's apparent and actual positions

   This bending of light is called refraction; it also makes a straw in a glass of water appear bent.

10. 10. Pilih jawapan yang betul.

    What does the extra glucose help do?

    Wood frogs can survive winter with ice forming outside many of their cells. Glucose, a type of sugar, builds up in their tissues.

    • Limit cell damage caused by freezing and water loss
    • Keep every part of the frog above freezing
    • Make the heart beat faster throughout the frozen period

    Surviving some freezing is different from preventing all freezing.

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    • Limit cell damage caused by freezing and water loss

    The frog's heart can stop during freezing and start again after it thaws.

11. 11. Pilih jawapan yang betul.

    What is the main benefit of this arrangement?

    In an emperor penguin's legs, warm blood traveling toward the feet flows close to cold blood returning from them.

    • The feet stay as warm as the body's core.
    • The returning blood carries extra cold into the body's core.
    • Heat passes to the returning blood, reducing heat loss through the feet.

    Heat can move between nearby blood vessels before reaching the feet.

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    • Heat passes to the returning blood, reducing heat loss through the feet.

    The feet can remain much cooler than the body, reducing how much heat they transfer to the ice.

12. 12. Pilih jawapan yang betul.

    What causes the additional force?

    A mantis shrimp strikes prey with a fast-moving club. An additional burst of force can follow even without a second strike.

    • The club releases stored electrical energy into the water.
    • A vapor bubble forms and collapses, creating a pressure shock.
    • The club releases a jet of venom under high pressure.

    The effect comes from a sudden change in the surrounding water pressure.

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    • A vapor bubble forms and collapses, creating a pressure shock.

    This process is called cavitation, and it can also occur around fast-moving boat propellers.