justification
gb/d͡ʒˌʌstɪfɪkˈeɪʃən/ us/d͡ʒˌʌstɪfɪkˈeɪʃən/
B2
Английский
~ 7500
Значения
0 значений
Существительное
B2
entity
1
good reason for an action
A good reason that explains why an action, belief, or decision is right or OK.
Модель употребления:
justification for [action/decision]
Частая ошибка:
Learners sometimes confuse "justification" with "justice". "Justice" is about fairness and the legal system, while "justification" is a reason that explains why something is acceptable. Learners also often use the wrong preposition: it is most natural to say "justification for doing something", not *"justification to do something" in many contexts.
Синонимы
reason (More general and neutral; does not always suggest that the reason is morally or logically strong.)
|
explanation (Focuses on making something clear; does not always suggest that the action is acceptable or right.)
|
defense (Often used in arguments or court; implies active protection of a position against attack.)
Антонимы
condemnation (Expresses strong disapproval instead of giving a good reason for something.)
Коллокации
justification for
|offer justification
|provide justification
|moral justification
|legal justification
|without justification
Темы
thinking
|law
|ethics
|communication
|education
|core_vocabulary
Примеры
- There is no justification for treating employees with such disrespect.
- The company failed to provide any justification for the sudden price increase.
- In his report, he gave a detailed justification for choosing this research method.
- She saw her apology as a justification for being late, but he still felt annoyed.
Примеры для изучающих
- There is no justification for his angry words.
- Can you give me a justification for this decision?
- The teacher asked for a clear justification of their answer.
- He wrote a short email in justification for his absence.
Существительное
technical
C1
state
2
being made right with God
In Christian religion, the state of being seen as right and free from sin by God.
Модель употребления:
justification by [faith/works/grace]
Синонимы
absolution (Focuses more on forgiveness of sins, especially in church practice, rather than the full theological concept of being declared righteous.)
Антонимы
condemnation (Refers to being judged guilty or unworthy, especially in a religious or moral sense, which contrasts with being justified.)
Коллокации
justification by faith
|doctrine of justification
|divine justification
|receive justification
|theology of justification
Темы
religion
|theology
Примеры
- The debate over justification by faith alone has shaped much of Protestant theology.
- In his sermon, the pastor explained justification as a gift of grace, not something we can earn.
- The book traces how different churches understand justification and salvation.
Примеры для изучающих
- Some churches teach justification by faith alone.
- The priest talked about justification and forgiveness in his message.
- She studied the idea of justification in a course on Christian theology.
Существительное
technical
C1
action
3
alignment of text on a page
In text and documents, changing spaces so that the edges of the lines are straight on one or both sides.
Модель употребления:
text justification in [document/page]
Частая ошибка:
Learners may confuse "justification" (the layout of text) with "justify" meaning "give a reason". In software menus, "justify" and "justification" usually refer only to text alignment, not to explaining or defending something.
Синонимы
alignment (More general; can refer to positioning of objects or text, not specifically the spacing process to make margins even.)
Антонимы
ragged (In typography, describes text edges that are uneven, which is the opposite visual effect of full justification.)
Коллокации
full justification
|left justification
|right justification
|text justification
|paragraph justification
|change the justification
Темы
technology
|writing
|design
|communication
|work
Примеры
- Full justification makes both the left and right sides of the text block perfectly straight.
- The designer changed the paragraph justification to improve readability on mobile screens.
- Check the text justification settings before exporting the final PDF.
Примеры для изучающих
- Please use left justification for this report.
- The text looks strange because the justification is wrong.
- You can change the justification with this button in the toolbar.
Грамматика
Словарная форма
justification
IPA
GB/d͡ʒˌʌstɪfɪkˈeɪʃən/
US/d͡ʒˌʌstɪfɪkˈeɪʃən/
Слоги и ударение
jus - ti - fic - a - tion (5 слогов)
Stress on 4th syllable (a)
Формы слова
Noun
- Base: justification
- Plural: justification, justifications
Родственные слова
Выражения
in justification for
1/ˈɪn d͡ʒˌʌstɪfɪkˈeɪʃən fɚ/
fixed phrase
formal
to defend a specific action
Used before reasons that defend a particular action or decision that is named after the word "for".
Примеры
- In justification for his delay, he cited heavy traffic and a family emergency.
- They presented several reports in justification for expanding the project.
in justification of
1/ˈɪn d͡ʒˌʌstɪfɪkˈeɪʃən əv/
fixed phrase
formal
to explain or defend something
Used before reasons that explain or defend an action, decision, or opinion.
Примеры
- In justification of the budget cuts, the minister pointed to falling tax revenues.
- He offered several statistics in justification of his proposal.
with some justification
1/wˈɪθ sˈʌm d͡ʒˌʌstɪfɪkˈeɪʃən/
fixed phrase
with a partly valid reason
Used to say that there is a partly good or understandable reason for something, even if it is not perfect.
Примеры
- Parents, with some justification, worry about their children's use of social media.
- She is, with some justification, proud of what she has achieved.
without justification
1/wɪðˈaʊt d͡ʒˌʌstɪfɪkˈeɪʃən/
fixed phrase
with no good reason
Used to say that there is no good reason or explanation for an action or opinion.
Примеры
- Several employees were dismissed without justification.
- He accused her of lying without justification, and later he apologized.