Organizing the message
Pointing words
This and that, here and there
What are we pointing to from here and now?
demonstrative
معنا
Pointing words connect what we say to people, things, places, or times in the situation or conversation. They let us refer to something nearby, farther away, just mentioned, or relevant now. Languages divide these choices differently: some also distinguish what is near the listener, and context can sometimes replace a pointing word. Unlike Near and far, this block is about pointing from a speaker's viewpoint, not simply describing distance.
چطور آن را تشخیص دهید
Look for words whose intended person, thing, place, or time depends on who is speaking and on the situation or conversation.