Instrument Link
Instrumental
Means
Comitative/instrumental marker
With what means?
extended
intermediate
Relations
Makna
The grammatical link that connects an action to the tool, method, channel, or means used.
Cara mengenalinya
Find the connector that means with, by, through, using.
Contoh
Kata
with|by|using|through
Frasa
with a key|by bus|using the app
Kalimat
She opened the door with a key.
Visual guide
Basic shape
SHE --opened--> DOOR
↑
with a key
INSTRUMENT = tool/means
Ask: with what means?
Compare shape
Same means, many shapes: with a key (tool) by bus (method) using the app (means) through X (channel) key-INST open (case)
Tinjauan bahasa
Dalam bahasa Anda
Indonesian (standard)
Kemunculan
strong
Tingkat kepentingan
Instrument and medium are often marked by dengan, melalui, or lewat.
Kami berbicara melalui telepon.
We talk through telephone.
Dalam bahasa yang dipelajari
Vietnamese (standard)
Kemunculan
strong
Tingkat kesulitan
Instrument and medium use bằng, qua, thông qua, qua điện thoại and related phrases.
Chúng tôi nói chuyện qua điện thoại.
we talk through telephone
Kendala umum pembelajar
Learners may choose bằng for every instrument/medium relation.
Same block, different coding
Both languages use this block strongly, but they signal it differently. Focus on form changes, not only meaning.