D04
extended
Relations
Relations between participants
Instrument Link
With what means?
intermediate
Instrumental
Means
Comitative/instrumental marker
Makna
The grammatical link that connects an action to the tool, method, channel, or means used.
Cara mengenalinya
Find the connector that means with, by, through, using.
Contoh
Kata
with|by|using|through
Frasa
with a key|by bus|using the app
Kalimat
She opened the door with a key.
Visual guide
Basic shape
SHE --opened--> DOOR
↑
with a key
INSTRUMENT = tool/means
Ask: with what means?
Compare shape
Same means, many shapes: with a key (tool) by bus (method) using the app (means) through X (channel) key-INST open (case)
Tinjauan bahasa
Dalam bahasa ibu Anda
Indonesia
Kemunculan
strong
Tingkat kepentingan
Instrument and medium are often marked by dengan, melalui, or lewat.
Kami berbicara melalui telepon.
We talk through telephone.
Dalam bahasa yang dipelajari
Inggris
Kemunculan
strong
Tingkat kesulitan
English typically marks instruments with with, by, or using.
He opened it with a key.
with a key = instrument link
Kendala umum pembelajar
Learners may confuse with and by, especially in passive-like contexts.
Same block, different coding
Both languages use this block strongly, but they signal it differently. Focus on form changes, not only meaning.