Certainty Signal
Epistemic modality
Evidential adverb
Stance marker
How sure is the speaker?
extended
intermediate
Speaker stance
Makna
A signal of certainty, probability, doubt, assumption, hearsay, inference, or confidence.
Cara mengenalinya
Look for words like certainly, probably, maybe, apparently.
Contoh
Kata
certainly|probably|maybe|apparently|surely
Frasa
probably true|maybe later|apparently finished
Kalimat
She is probably at home.
Visual guide
Basic shape
claim: She is at home.
^
certainty layer:
how sure is speaker?
maybe -> probably -> certainly
low mid high
Compare shape
Where can E07 live? adverb: probably particle: maybe modal verb: MOD + verb verb/mood: CERT-form same job: confidence
Tinjauan bahasa
Dalam bahasa Anda
Indonesian (standard)
Kemunculan
strong
Tingkat kepentingan
Certainty is expressed with adverbs and stance phrases, not verb morphology.
Dia pasti sudah tahu.
He/she certainly already knows.
Dalam bahasa yang dipelajari
Japanese
Kemunculan
strong
Tingkat kesulitan
Certainty is marked by adverbs and sentence-final forms such as だろう.
彼女はたぶん家にいる。
She is probably at home.
Kendala umum pembelajar
Learners may miss the strength difference between たぶん, きっと and でしょう.
Same block, different coding
Both languages use this block strongly, but they signal it differently. Focus on form changes, not only meaning.