Quoted / Reported Speech
Direct speech
Indirect speech
Reported speech
Who said or thought it?
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advanced
Information structure
Maksud
A structure that reports speech, thought, belief, command, or question directly or indirectly.
Cara mengenalinya
Ask whose words or thoughts are being represented.
Contoh
Perkataan
said|told|asked|thought|quoted
Frasa
he said that|she asked if|according to him
Ayat
She said that she was tired.
Visual guide
Basic shape
SPEAKER / THINKER
She said [that she was tired].
[reported thought]
Ask: whose words?
→ She represents them.
Compare shape
Direct quote: She said, "I am tired." Indirect report: She said [that she was tired]. Check shifts: I→she, am→was.
Paparan bahasa
Dalam bahasa Anda
Japanese
Kehadiran
strong
Kepentingan
Reported speech commonly uses the quotative particle と and speech verbs.
彼女は疲れたと言った。
She said that she was tired.
Dalam bahasa yang dipelajari
Korean (South Korean standard)
Kehadiran
strong
Tahap kesukaran
Reported speech uses quotation endings such as -다고, -라고, -냐고, -자고 before a reporting verb.
그가 온다고 했어요.
He said that he is coming.
Masalah lazim pelajar
Learners often omit the correct quotation ending or use one form for statements, questions, and commands.
Same block, different coding
Both languages use this block strongly, but they signal it differently. Focus on form changes, not only meaning.