Participants, events and states
Roles of participants
Affected participant
Who or what is affected by the event?
direct object
object
passive
ਅਰਥ
The participant that receives the action, changes, is moved, is created, is consumed, or is otherwise affected.
ਇਸ ਨੂੰ ਕਿਵੇਂ ਪਛਾਣਣਾ ਹੈ
Ask what the action hits, changes, moves, creates, or concerns.
Visual guide
TARGET / AFFECTED ONE what is affected? Actor -> event -> [Target] girl -> opened -> [door] eat -> [apple] solve -> [problem] = affected/changed thing
ਤੁਹਾਡੀ ਮੂਲ ਭਾਸ਼ਾ ਵਿੱਚ
ਪੰਜਾਬੀ (ਗੁਰਮੁਖੀ)
Targets normally appear before the verb; animate or specific targets are often marked with ਨੂੰ.
ਸੀਤਾ ਨੇ ਬੱਚੇ ਨੂੰ ਬੁਲਾਇਆ।