Participants, events and states
Roles of participants
Recipient and beneficiary
To whom or for whose benefit does it happen?
dative case
indirect object
beneficiary
recipient
ਅਰਥ
The participant who receives something, gets a result, benefits from an action, or is the intended receiver.
ਇਸ ਨੂੰ ਕਿਵੇਂ ਪਛਾਣਣਾ ਹੈ
Ask who gets something or who the action is done for.
Visual guide
Transfer frame:
She gives a toy
|
v
the child
the child gets/benefits
ਤੁਹਾਡੀ ਮੂਲ ਭਾਸ਼ਾ ਵਿੱਚ
ਪੰਜਾਬੀ (ਗੁਰਮੁਖੀ)
Recipients are commonly marked with ਨੂੰ or pronoun forms such as ਮੈਨੂੰ and ਉਸਨੂੰ.
ਮੈਂ ਉਸਨੂੰ ਇੱਕ ਕਿਤਾਬ ਦਿੱਤੀ।