Participants, events and states
Roles of participants
Tool or means
With what or through what does it happen?
instrumental case
instrument
ਅਰਥ
The tool, medium, body part, system, channel, or mediator used to perform or transmit the action.
ਇਸ ਨੂੰ ਕਿਵੇਂ ਪਛਾਣਣਾ ਹੈ
Ask what tool or channel makes the action possible.
Visual guide
Actor │ uses ▼ Instrument / mediator │ makes possible ▼ Action He cut bread with a knife.
ਤੁਹਾਡੀ ਮੂਲ ਭਾਸ਼ਾ ਵਿੱਚ
ਪੰਜਾਬੀ (ਗੁਰਮੁਖੀ)
Instruments are usually marked with ਨਾਲ; related meanings like company also use ਨਾਲ and need context.
ਉਸਨੇ ਚਾਕੂ ਨਾਲ ਰੋਟੀ ਕੱਟੀ।