Participants, events and states
Events and states
State and existence
What exists or what state is it in?
predicate
predicative adjective
linking verb
there is / there are
singular
plural
agreement
adverbial
ਅਰਥ
A non-dynamic situation: being somewhere, existing, having a property, remaining in a condition, or being linked to a description.
ਇਸ ਨੂੰ ਕਿਵੇਂ ਪਛਾਣਣਾ ਹੈ
Look for 'is/are', 'there is', or a description that behaves like a predicate.
Visual guide
STATE / EXISTENCE what is or exists? no action arrow [room] = quiet there is [a problem] [Peter] at home = non-dynamic scene
ਤੁਹਾਡੀ ਮੂਲ ਭਾਸ਼ਾ ਵਿੱਚ
ਪੰਜਾਬੀ (ਗੁਰਮੁਖੀ)
States commonly use ਹੈ/ਹਨ/ਸੀ; existence and location use ਹੋਣਾ-type patterns.
ਕਮਰਾ ਚੁੱਪ ਹੈ।