Scope Lamp
Scope
Operator
Focus-sensitive particle
What does this marker apply to?
booster
intermediate
Information structure
Anlamı
The range affected by a word or marker such as not, only, also, all, every, already, still, almost, or even.
Nasıl fark edilir?
Move the marker mentally and observe what meaning changes.
Örnekler
Kelimeler
only|also|not|all|every|almost|still
İfadeler
only Anna|not all|almost finished
Cümle
Only John saw Mary.
Visual guide
Basic shape
Scope = lit area
Only [John] saw Mary
^^^^
only applies here
Meaning:
John, not others,
saw Mary.
Compare shape
Move the lamp: Only [John] saw Mary = subject in scope John only [saw Mary] = whole event in scope John saw only [Mary] = object in scope
Dil görünümü
Dilinizde
Arabic (Modern Standard)
Belirginlik
strong
Önem
Scope is important with negation, إلا, فقط, كل, بعض and similar operators.
لا أقرأ إلا الكتبَ المفيدة.
I read only useful books.
Öğrendiğiniz dilde
German (standard)
Belirginlik
strong
Zorluk
Scope depends on particles and their position, especially nur, auch, schon and noch.
Ich lese nur den ersten Teil.
I read only the first part.
Öğrenenlerde yaygın sorun
Learners may place only/also equivalents where they modify the wrong element.
Same block, different coding
Both languages use this block strongly, but they signal it differently. Focus on form changes, not only meaning.